Significance of aircraft carrier

Source: The post Significance of aircraft carrier has been created, based on the article “The significance of carrier aviation” published in “The Hindu” on 29th April 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 3 – Science and technology- indigenisation of technology

News: The article discusses the Indian Navy’s aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, detailing its design, capabilities, and the significance of its indigenous construction. It also mentions India’s plans for another carrier, the challenges and global trends in carrier and submarine development.

For details information on Indian aircraft carriers (IAC) read Article 1, Article 2

What is the significance of INS Vikrant?

Indigenous Design and Construction: INS Vikrant, commissioned in 2022, is India’s first aircraft carrier built domestically, marking a significant achievement in indigenous shipbuilding capabilities.

Innovative Material Use: The decision to develop and use DMR-249 steel, a warship-grade steel produced in India, for INS Vikrant set a precedent. This material is now utilized for the construction of all warships in India, enhancing the nation’s self-reliance in naval defense manufacturing.

Enhanced Naval Capabilities: Equipped to operate 30 aircraft, including MiG-29K jets and various helicopters, INS Vikrant enhances India’s naval power and operational flexibility.

Economic Impact: The carrier’s construction involved approximately 500 MSMEs and 12,000 employees from ancillary industries, boosting local employment and technological development.

Strategic Significance: INS Vikrant’s commissioning allows India to project power and maintain a credible naval presence, supporting maritime security across the Indian Ocean Region.

What is the future of Indian aircraft carriers?

Expansion Plans: India is planning a second Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC-II), similar to INS Vikrant but with updated technologies, ensuring continuity in naval capabilities.

Technological Advancements: The new carrier will incorporate lessons learned from INS Vikrant, featuring modifications for improved performance.

Strategic Continuity: The IAC-II aims to replace INS Vikramaditya, maintaining India’s vision of operating two active carriers simultaneously, which is crucial for regional security and naval dominance.

Long-Term Vision: Despite the high costs and long construction times, India remains committed to its aircraft carrier program to uphold its status as a major maritime power.

What are the global trends in carrier and submarine development?

Global Expansion: Many nations are expanding or upgrading their carrier fleets. The U.S. is launching super carriers, the U.K. has introduced new carriers, and France and Russia are planning new builds.

Technological Shifts: Countries are integrating advanced technologies into carriers and submarines, emphasizing enhanced capabilities and stealth.

Carrier Conversion: Japan is converting helicopter carriers to operate F-35 jets, showing a trend toward versatile, multi-role platforms.

China’s Accelerated Growth: China is rapidly expanding its carrier fleet, having commissioned its first carrier, Liaoning, in 2012. It has since launched two more, with the third, Fujian, introduced in 2022, and a fourth, potentially nuclear-powered, soon to be unveiled.

Question for practice:

Discuss the significance of INS Vikrant for India’s naval capabilities and its future plans for aircraft carriers.