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Source-This post on Nyishi Tribe has been created based on the article “From 22 yards to top of the world: 1st woman from Arunachal’s Nyishi tribe scales Everest” published in “Times of India”.
Why in News?
Recently, mountaineer and cricketer Kabak Yano made history as the fifth woman from Arunachal Pradesh and the first from the Nyishi tribe to scale Mt Everest.
About Nyishi Tribe
| Aspects | Description |
| About | 1. The Nyishi are the predominant ethnic group in Arunachal Pradesh, India. 2. The name “Nyishi” is derived from their language, where “Nyi” means “a man” and “shi” signifies “a being,” collectively translating to “a civilized human being.” 3. The Nyishi language is part of the Sino-Tibetan family, though its exact origins are debated. |
| Geographical Distribution | 1. Nyishis are primarily found in eight districts of Arunachal Pradesh: East Kameng, Pakke Kesang, Papum Pare, Lower Subansiri, Kamle, Kra Daadi, Kurung Kumey, and Upper Subansiri. 2. Smaller populations reside in Sonitpur and North Lakhimpur districts of Assam. 3. They are the largest tribal group in Arunachal Pradesh, with a population of about 300,000. |
| Socio-Economic Practices | 1. The tribe practices slash-and-burn agriculture, hunting, and fishing. 2. They are also skilled in various handicrafts, including weaving, cane and bamboo work, pottery, blacksmithing, wood carving, and carpentry. |
| Religious Beliefs | 1. As per the 2011 Census, 31% of Nyishis follow Christianity, and 29% adhere to Hinduism. 2. Many continue to practice their indigenous religion, Donyi Polo, worshipping the Sun (“Donyi”) and the Moon (“Polo”) as divine entities. |
| Cultural Festivals | 1. Nyishis celebrate three major festivals: Boori-Boot and Nyokum in February, and Longte in April. 2. These festivals are times of communal joy, aimed at appeasing deities to ensure bountiful harvests, health, wealth, and overall prosperity. |
| Social Structure | 1. Polygyny is common within the Nyishi community. They trace lineage patrilineally and are organized into various clans. 2. Unlike many societies, Nyishis do not have a caste system or rigid social classes, but they do recognize a form of social distinction that is flexible and not based on birth or occupation. 3. Women are highly regarded in Nyishi society, often seen as pillars of peace, progress, and prosperity. 4. They also play a crucial role through the ‘reciprocal marital exchange’ system. |
UPSC Syllabus: History
