Exp) Option a is the correct answer.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Constitutions exist not only in democratic countries but also in other forms of governments like monarchies. However, in a monarchical constitution, the monarch takes major decisions. On same lines in some constitutions like the old Soviet Union, one single party is given the power to decide. But in democratic constitutions the people get to decide.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Generally Constitutions are legal document that deal with ideals and values. The Constitution does not only deal with the agreement on the type of government but also on certain ideals and values that the country should uphold. Ideals and values are generally reflected in the preamble, oaths, opening declarations etc. Successful constitutions strike the right balance between preserving core values and adapting them to new circumstances.

Statement 3 is correct. A constitution expresses the fundamental identity of a people. This means the people as a collective entity come into being only through the basic constitution. It is by agreeing to a basic set of norms about how one should be governed, and who should be governed that one forms a collective identity. One has many sets of identities that exist prior to a constitution. But by agreeing to certain basic norms and principles one constitutes one’s basic political identity. Also, constitutional norms are the overarching framework within which one pursues individual aspirations, goals and freedoms. So, the constitution also gives one a moral identity.