Exp) Option d is the correct answer.

Statement a is incorrect. All Fundamental rights guarantee the rights of an individual against the state but not all are available against the action of private individuals. For example, the first provision of Article -15 that the state shall not discriminate against any citizen on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth prohibits discrimination only by state and not by private individuals. While the second provision of not allowing citizens access to shops, public place on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth prohibits discrimination both by state and by private individuals. Article 19 are protected only against state and not against private individuals.

Statement b is incorrect. These rights are binding upon all the authority that has got power to make laws whether it be central government or state government or local government.

Statement c is incorrect. The role of guiding the Indian state to promote social and economic welfare is the function of DPSPs (Directive principles of state policy) and not of Fundamental rights.

Statement d is correct. Both the Supreme court under Article 32 and High courts under Article 226 can issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental rights. However, a person can go directly to Supreme court for his violation of fundamental rights. It is not necessary that he can go to Supreme court only by the way of appeal mechanism.