Exp) Option d is the correct answer.

Since 1950, the successive governments at the Centre and in the states have made several laws and formulated various programmes for implementing the Directive Principles.

1. The Maternity Benefit Act (1961) and the Equal Remuneration Act (1976) have been made to protect the interests of women workers. Article 42: The State shall make provisions for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
2. The Legal Services Authorities Act (1987) has established a nation-wide network to provide free and competent legal aid to the poor and to organise lok adalats for promoting equal justice. Lok adalat is a statutory forum for conciliatory settlement of legal disputes. Article 39A: To provide free legal aid to the poor.
3. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, have been enacted to safeguard the wildlife and the forests respectively. Article 48A: To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
4. The 73rd Amendment Act (1992) has been enacted to provide constitutional status and protection to these panchayati raj institutions. Article 40: The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats as units of Self Government
5. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, have been enacted to protect the SCs and STs from social injustice and exploitation. Article 46: The State shall promote educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people particularly that of the Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) and other weaker sections.