[Answered] What are the primary lessons that contemporary Indian politics can draw from the 1975 Emergency? How do these lessons influence current political practices and the safeguarding of democracy in India?

The 1975 Emergency in India, declared by then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, is a significant event that has left a lasting impact on Indian politics. Article 352 of the Constitution provides for the proclamation of a national emergency on the grounds of internal disturbances, or threat to national security due to war or external aggression.

Lessons from the 1975 Emergency

• Importance of Independent Institutions: The Emergency exposed the vulnerability of a democracy when key institutions fail to act as checks and balances. A pliant judiciary and a Parliament dominated by the ruling party allowed the erosion of fundamental rights. Today, an independent judiciary and a vibrant opposition are vital to prevent the concentration of power.
• Vigilance Against Erosion of Civil Liberties: The Emergency demonstrated the dangers of suspending basic rights like freedom of speech and assembly. Contemporary political practices must uphold these rights, even for dissenters. A strong civil society that questions and critiques the government is essential.
• Eternal Vigilance is the Price of Liberty: The public’s initial apathy towards the Emergency highlighted the need for constant vigilance. Active participation in the democratic process, informed citizenry and a free press are crucial to identify and resist any attempts to curtail freedoms.

Influence on Current Practices

• Judicial Activism: The Emergency’s disregard for judicial review led to a more assertive judiciary in later years. Courts now play a more active role in protecting fundamental rights.
• Strengthened Media: The memory of media censorship during the Emergency has fostered a more robust and independent media landscape, playing a vital role in holding the government accountable.
• Electoral Process: The swift public backlash against the Emergency in the 1977 elections underscores the importance of free and fair elections.
• Constitutional Safeguards: The aftermath of the Emergency saw amendments to the Constitution to make it harder to impose an emergency and suspend fundamental rights.
• Strong Political Opposition: A healthy opposition keeps the ruling party in check and prevents authoritarian tendencies.
• Public Awareness: Education about the Emergency and its consequences helps citizens recognize and resist threats to democracy

Conclusion

The Emergency serves as a stark reminder of the need to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals in any society.