Explanation – Kavach has been developed by the Research Designs & Standards Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with Indian Railways. Kavach uses ultra-high frequency radio communication and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for communication. Kavach is designed to be used on both high-speed and regular passenger trains. Kavach automatically applies brakes if the train passes a signal at danger (red signal) or if it detects another train on the same track. It also regulates the train’s speed according to permissible limits. The system adheres to SIL-4 standards, which is the highest level of safety integrity, ensuring an extremely low probability of failure. The system features centralized live monitoring of train movements through the Network Monitoring System (NMS).  It is one of the least expensive automatic train collision prevention technologies, making it a cost-effective solution for Indian Railways. It is an indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system by Indian Railways.

Source: AIR