Status of Rhino around the world 

Source- This post on Status of Rhino around the world is based on the article “Number of rhinos slightly increases, but so does threat of poaching” published in The Hindu on 24th September 2024.

Why in News?

According to a report by the International Rhino Foundation, the worldwide rhino population has experienced a slight rise.

Status of Rhino around the world

1. The white rhino population grew from 15,942 in 2022 to 17,464 in 2023.

2. Populations of black rhinos and the greater one-horned rhino have remained stable.

3. Overall, there are now fewer than 28,000 rhinos left globally, a significant decline from 500,000 in the early 20th century.

Threats to Rhino Population

1. The northern white rhino is functionally extinct, with only two females left in a Kenyan conservancy.

2.  Despite population growth, the threat of poaching has intensified. In 2023, 586 rhinos were killed in Africa, with most deaths occurring in South Africa, which has the highest rhino population at 16,056.

3.  Poaching increased from 551 rhinos killed in 2022, driven by demand for rhino horns believed to have medicinal properties.

4. Besides poaching, rhinos face environmental challenges such as habitat loss due to development and climate change.

Ecological Importance of Rhinos

1. Rhinos are considered “umbrella species,” meaning that efforts to protect them also help conserve other wildlife and their habitats.

2. Rhinos play a critical role in maintaining ecosystems by acting as “mega herbivores.” They help create pathways for other animals and support forest regeneration through seed dispersal.

About Rhinoceros

1. Rhinoceroses are large, herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Rhinocerotidae.

2.. Species: Five species are majorly found around the world– White, Black, Indian, Javan, and Sumatran rhinos.

3. Habitat: Primarily found in grasslands, savannas, and forests in Africa and Asia.

4. Physical Characteristics: They are large, robust animals. They can weigh between 1,000 to 2,300 kg (2,200 to 5,000 lbs). Their horns are made of keratin, with one or two horns depending on the species. 

5. Diet: Rhinos are herbivores, with diets consisting mostly of leafy plants, branches, shoots, fruits, and grasses.

6. Threats: Major threats include poaching for horns and habitat loss due to human encroachment.

7. Conservation Efforts: Protected areas, anti-poaching laws, and breeding programs are critical for their survival.

Read more: State of the Rhino Report, 2023

UPSC Syllabus: Environment