Q. Consider the following statements regarding Hydroxymethanesulphonate (HMS):
1.HMS is a secondary aerosol formed through reactions between formaldehyde and sulfur dioxide in the presence of liquid water within aerosol particles.
2.HMS formation is favoured in warm, humid tropical climates where high temperatures accelerate ammonium volatilisation.
3.Increased PM₂.₅ levels associated with HMS can affect both air quality and climate processes.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: B
Notes:
Explanation:
- HMS forms via reactions between formaldehyde and SO₂ in liquid water within aerosols, even when water is supercooled.
- HMS formation is not favoured in warm tropical climates — it is more likely in cold conditions where ammonium volatilisation is reduced, stabilising sulfite ions.
- HMS contributes to PM₂.₅ pollution, impacting air quality, influencing cloud formation, and affecting climate radiative properties.
