Q. Match the following regional land revenue assessment systems used during Akbar’s reign with their characteristic features:
SystemRegion / Feature
1. KankutUsed in regions where survey was difficult; involved revenue based on a calculated estimate of the standing crop.
2. Batai (Ghallabakshi)Prevalent in frontier regions like Sindh; involved payment based on the division of the actual harvested crop in kind.
3. Zabti (Bandobast)Implemented in the core areas of the empire (Delhi, Agra, Lahore); involved a fixed demand in cash based on a 10-year average.
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Answer: C
Notes:
Explanation:
- Pair 1: Correct. Kankut (Kut = Estimate) was a system of appraisal based on a sight survey of the standing crop when detailed measurement was impractical.
- Pair 2: Correct. Batai (or Ghallabakshi) literally means division of the produce and was paid in kind, often used in newly conquered or less centralized frontier areas due to its simplicity.
- Pair 3: Correct. The Zabti or Dahsala system (introduced by Todar Mal in 1580 CE) was the standard system in the most important Subas and was based on measured land, classified soil, and an average cash demand calculated over ten years.
