Q. The administration during the minority of Sawai Madhav Rao (1774–1795 CE) was primarily characterized by:
Answer: C
Notes:
Explanation:
- (c) Correct. This period is often called the ‘Pentarchy’ or the time of the ‘Bara Bhai’ Council. It was successful due to the effective balance between Nana Fadnavis (the master statesman and diplomat of Pune) and Mahadji Scindia (the powerful military chief and effective restorer of Mughal authority in Delhi). Together, they successfully navigated the First Anglo-Maratha War and maintained the Confederacy’s power.
- (b) Incorrect. Mahadji was powerful, but his power was balanced by Nana Fadnavis in Pune.

