Q. With reference to the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement, consider the following statements:
1.The movement was withdrawn by Gandhi primarily because of the Chauri Chaura incident, as he believed the masses had not yet mastered the art of non-violent discipline.
2.The Khilafat issue, a central pillar of the movement, lost its relevance not due to British concessions, but because the people of Turkey themselves rose under Mustafa Kemal Pasha to abolish the Sultanate and secularize the state.
3.Gandhi’s reasoning for withdrawal was also influenced by the fear that a violent movement would provide the British government a moral and legal justification to unleash massive state repression.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: D
Notes:
Explanation:
Statement 1: Correct. Gandhi felt the “Himalayan Blunder” was expecting non-violence from an untrained populace.
Statement 2: Correct. In 1922, Kemal Pasha stripped the Sultan of political power and later abolished the Caliphate in 1924, making the Indian Khilafat movement redundant.
Statement 3: Correct. Gandhi argued that “the government is looking for an excuse to crush us; by remaining non-violent, we deny them that excuse.”
