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News: Union Home Minister paid tributes to Guru Hargobind Sahib on the occasion of his Jyoti-Jyot Diwas, remembering his contributions to strengthening Sikhism and promoting the protection of humanity.
About Guru Hargobind Sahib
- Guru Hargobind Sahib was the Sixth Guru of the Sikhs.
- Born: He was born on 9 June 1595 at a village Guru Ki Wadali near Amritsar.
- He was born to Guru Arjan Dev ji, the fifth Guru of the Sikhs.
- He succeeded Guru Arjan Sahib in 1606, at the age of eleven years.
- He took the title of Sachcha Padshah (True Emperor).
- Battles fought: He fought five battles with Mughal forces ( Jahangir and Shah Jahan) and remained victorious.
- Important battles – Rohilla (1621), Amritsar (1634), Mehraj and Lahira, Kartarpur (1635) and Palahi near Phagwara.
- Philosophy:
- Guru Sahib wore two swords: Piri (spiritual power) and Miri (temporal/military power).
- He inspired Sikhs to become Saint-Soldiers (spiritually strong and physically brave) and encouraged them to take military training and learn martial arts.
- Administration: He maintained a force of about 700 cavalry and 60 artillerymen and a group of Pathan soldiers was led by Painda Khan.
- Martial songs (Vars) were sung daily by Dhadd players in the court of Guru Sahib to inspire bravery.
- He established Akal Takht Sahib (1609) in front of Harmandir Sahib as the centre of Sikh authority.
- At Akal Takht, he delivered sermons, resolved disputes, and promoted martial activities.
- He built a protective wall around Amritsar and constructed Lohgarh Fort for defence.
- He was imprisoned by Jahangir at Gwalior Fort (1609–1612).
- Religious leaders like Mian Mir helped secure his release.
- Guru Sahib requested the release of 52 imprisoned princes along with himself.
- After their release, he was honoured with the title Bandi Chhor Baba.
- His return to Amritsar was celebrated on Diwali, now observed as Bandi Chhor Diwas by Sikhs.
- Legacy: He passed away in 1644 at Kiratpur Sahib.
- Death anniversary of Sikh Gurus is observed as Jyoti-Jyot Diwas.
- Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur, his son become Ninth Sikh Guru in 1664.
