Q. With reference to Leptospirosis, consider the following statements:
1.Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira species and is commonly transmitted to humans through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals.
2.The disease is transmitted exclusively by mosquitoes and has an effective human vaccine included under India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: A
Notes:
Explanation: 1 only
Statement 1 is correct: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Humans are infected through contact with water, mud, or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals, particularly rats, cattle, pigs, and dogs, with the bacteria entering through cuts in the skin or mucous membranes.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Leptospirosis is not a mosquito-borne disease; it is primarily water- and animal urine-borne. Moreover, there is no universally used human vaccine under India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP).
Source: TH
