With reference to the ethical framework of Jain philosophy, consider the following pairs: Great Vow (Mahavrata) Primary Ethical Rule 1. Ahimsa Absolute non-violence in thought, word, and deed 2. Asteya Practice of truthfulness in all speech 3. Brahmacharya Vow of celibacy and chastity added by Vardhamana Mahavira 4. Aparigraha Non-possession and non-attachment to material goods Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? |ForumIAS

[A] 1, 3 and 4 only

[B] 1 and 2 only

[C] 2 and 4 only

[D] 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: A

Notes:

Explanation:

Pair 1 is correctly matched: Ahimsa is the foundational vow requiring absolute non-injury toward all living entities.
Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: Asteya means non-stealing (refraining from taking what is not given). Truthfulness is Satya.
Pair 3 is correctly matched: Brahmacharya (celibacy) was introduced by Vardhamana Mahavira as the fifth vow, supplementing the four vows formulated by Parshvanatha.
Pair 4 is correctly matched: Aparigraha entails complete non-possession and detachment from physical property and internal cravings.