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News: The National Green Tribunal (NGT) did not rule in favour of environmental groups or public-interest parties in any of the 16 merit appeals it heard in the first six months of 2026, according to a report by the South Asian Reporter for Environment Laws (SAREL).
About National Green Tribunal (NGT)
- The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a statutory body that came into existence in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal act 2010.
- The act provides for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
- The tribunal is guided by principles of natural justice and is not bound by the mainstream code of civil procedure.
- Mandate: The Tribunal is mandated to make and endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the same.
- Sitting places: The tribunal has five places of sittings with New Delhi as the Principal place of sitting and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai are the other four.
- Composition:
- The Tribunal comprises of the Chairperson, the Judicial Members and Expert Members.
- They shall hold office for a term of five years and are not eligible for reappointment.
- The chairperson is appointed by the Central Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of India (CJI).
- Judicial and expert members are appointed on recommendations by the Selection Committee.
- Member Qualifications:
- Chairperson: A person who is or has been a Judge of the Supreme Court or Chief Justice of the High Court.
- Judicial Member: A person who is or has been a Judge of a High Court.
- Expert Member: Qualification and experience in relevant scientific and technological field or practical experience in dealing with environmental matters.
- Jurisdiction: The NGT deals with civil cases under the seven laws related to the environment, these include:
- The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974,
- The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act,1977,
- The Forest (Conservation) Act,1980,
- The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981,
- The Environment (Protection) Act,1986
- The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and
- The Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
Note: The Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972 and Scheduled Tribes and Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 have been kept out of NGT’s jurisdiction.
