- SFG FRC 2027 | Program starts from 19th Dec. 2026 | Admissions open for Entrance Test Click Here to know more →
- Prelims Test Series (PTS) for Prelims 2027 starts 11th Oct. 2026 Click Here to know more →
- [Pre-order] Ethics Redbook 3rd Edition: Delivery starts from 10th October onwards Click Here to Read More →
- 21 Sept. | GS Advance Program (GSAP) for UPSC 2027 Mains starts from 11th Oct. Click Here to Read More →
THINKER OF THE DAY | CHARLES E. LINDBLOM
Work – Intelligence of Democracy – Decision Making Through Mutual Adjustment (1965)
- argued that democratic decision-making does not depend solely on a central authority making perfectly rational decisions.
Instead, decisions emerge through the interaction, adjustment, bargaining, and competition of different individuals and groups.
Democratic societies make decisions through the continuous adjustment of competing interests.
No single decision-maker possesses all the knowledge required to solve complex social problems.
Mutual adjustment allows people and institutions to respond to one another without requiring complete central coordination.
Social problems are interconnected and difficult to understand completely. Knowledge is dispersed among different individuals and institutions.
Policymakers must recognise the limitations of their understanding when attempting social change. Relevance: This perspective highlights the need for critical inquiry, learning, and adaptability in public policy.
Charles E. Lindblom’s work demonstrates that public policy is shaped not only by rational analysis but also by limited information, political bargaining, institutional arrangements, and economic power.
KEYWORD OF THE DAY | Administrative Accountability
The obligation of public officials to explain and justify their decisions and actions, accept responsibility for their performance, and face consequences when required.
PUB AD PYQ VAULT | DAY 63 | PYQ (2025)
Decentralized planning in India signifies a shift towards context-sensitive development, but inadequate resources and local politics complicate the realization of social justice goals. Comment.
