10 PM Daily Current Affairs Quiz | February 20 2021

Statement 1 is incorrect. India Australia Circular Economy Hackathon (I-ACE) is jointly being organized by Atal Innovation Mission, NITI Aayog, Government of India and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia.

Statement 2 is correct. It aims to enable the students and startups/MSMEs of both the nations in fostering innovative solutions for the development of a circular economy across the food system value chain with the aim of increasing the long-term health and resilience of our planet, through innovative technology solutions. I-ACE aims to accelerate the development of young and promising students and startups/MSMEs working towards the creation of a sustainable future.

HELINA (Helicopter based NAG) is a third-generation fire and forget class anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system mounted on the Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH). The system has all weather day and night capability and can defeat battle tanks with conventional armour as well as explosive reactive armour.

HELINA Weapon Systems is being inducted into the Indian Army (IA). A variant of HELINA Weapon System called DHRUVASTRA is being inducted into the Indian Air Force (IAF).

Astra is India’s first beyond-visual-range (BVR) air-to-air missile indigenously designed and developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation.

There have been nine successful US Mars landings: Viking 1 and Viking 2 (both 1976), Pathfinder (1997), Spirit and Opportunity (both 2004), Phoenix (2008), Curiosity (2012), InSight (2018) and Perseverance (2021).

The only other country to land a spacecraft on Mars was the Soviet Union in 1971 and 1973. The USSR’s Mars 3 lander made the first successful landing on the planet’s surface. It transmitted data for 20 seconds before failing.

The United States, the Soviet Union, the European Space Agency, India, UAE and China have successfully sent spacecraft to enter Mars’ orbit.

China’s mission to Mars includes a lander which will descent from the Tianwen-1 orbiter soon.

Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, located in the Himalayan Mountains in the northern part of the country, includes as core areas the Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks, which are one World Heritage site.

Nanda Devi National Park has remained more or less intact because of its inaccessibility. The Valley of Flowers National Park is renowned for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers and outstanding natural beauty. Together they encompass a unique transition zone between the mountain ranges of the Zanskar and Great Himalaya.

The important mammals’ species in the region are Snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos), Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), Bharal (Pseudois nayaur) and Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus).

The UNFCCC developed a carbon credit proposal to reduce worldwide carbon emissions in a 1997 agreement known as the Kyoto Protocol.

A carbon credit is a generic term for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide or the equivalent amount of a different greenhouse gas.

If one party can’t stop emitting CO2, it can ask another to emit less so that, even as the first carries on producing CO2, the total amount of carbon in the atmosphere is reduced. There are three basic types of carbon credit:

–Those from reduced emissions (typically energy efficiency measures)

–Removed emissions (carbon capture and planting forests)

–And avoided emissions (for example refraining from cutting down rainforests).

# The Rishiganga project was among the several hydropower projects that had applied to secure carbon credits under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in early 2012.

Option 1 is incorrectly matched. Kolhai glacier is situated in the Lidder Valley in Jammu & Kashmir. The origin of the glacier is below the cirques on the north flank of Kolahoi Peak. It is the main source of Lidder River and its waters become the tributaries of the Jhelum River.

Option 2 is correctly matched. The Chhota Shigri Glacier lies on the northern slope of the main ridge of the Pir Panjal Range in the east of the Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh. The high, steep ridges and mountain terrain provide an ideal condition for the development of this glacier.

Option 3 is correctly matched. The Dokriani Glacier is a valley type glacier located in Garhwal region (Uttarakhand) of Himalayas. It follows a narrow valley and meets Bhagirathi River at Bhukki.

An ‘intermediary’ has been defined in Section 2(w) of the Information Technology Act, 2000 as “any person who on behalf of another person receives, stores or transmits that record or provides any service with respect to that record and includes telecom service providers, web-housing service providers, search engines, online payment sites, online auction sites, online market places and cyber cafes”.

Section 79 of the Act grants conditional immunity to intermediaries from liability for third party acts. Section 79(1) of the Act grants intermediaries a conditional immunity with regard to any third-party information, data or communication link made available or hosted by them

Section 499 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 defines what is defamation and its exceptions. Persons who make defamatory statements are exempted from punishments if they fall in one of the ten exceptions provided in Section 499. They are:

–Attribution of any truth made for public good.

–Any opinion made in good faith regarding the conduct of a public servant in the discharge of his public functions.

–Any opinion made in good faith respecting the conduct of any person which relates to a public question.

–Publication of true reports of the proceedings of the Courts or the result of the proceedings is not defamation.

–Any opinion made in good faith regarding the merits of any civil or criminal case decided by the Court of Justice, or the conduct of any person as a party, witness or agent to that case and no further.

–Opinions made about the merits of any performance which its author has submitted to the judgement of the public, or about the author is not defamation if made in good faith.

–Censures passed by persons neither having authority over another either conferred by a law or from a lawful contract in good faith is nor defamation. Censure is formal statement of severe disapproval.

–Accusation of offence to any person having lawful authority over the alleged person in good faith is an exception to defamation. Complaints about servants to masters and children to parents are examples to the exception.

–Statements made about the character of another is not defamation if it is made in order to protect the interests of the person making it, or any other person, or for the public good.

–Cautions conveyed to one person against another are not defamation if it is intended for the good of the conveyed person, or any other, or for public good.

Statement 1 is correct. The UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1979 and is ratified by India. Often described as an international bill of rights for women, it calls for the equality of women and men in terms of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural and civil spheres. It underlines that discrimination and attacks on women’s dignity violate the principle of equality of rights.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Based on the facts of Bhanwari Devi’s case in Rajasthan, a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was filed by Vishaka and other women groups against the State of Rajasthan and Union of India before the Supreme Court of India.

In a landmark judgment, Vishaka vs. State of Rajasthan (1997), the Supreme Court of India created legally binding guidelines basing it on the right to equality and dignity accorded under the Indian Constitution. It included: A definition of sexual harassment, Shifting accountability from individuals to institutions, Prioritizing prevention and Provision of an innovative redress mechanism.

They were later superseded in 2013 by the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013.

Statement 1 is correct. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 recognizes the right of every woman to a safe and secure workplace environment irrespective of her age or employment/work status.

Statement 2 is correct. As per the definition of “workplace” under section 2(o) it includes a dwelling place or a house. Therefore, your house is very much a workplace for your domestic help.

According to the Act, a domestic worker means a woman who is employed to do the household work in any household for remuneration whether in cash or kind, either directly or through any agency on a temporary, permanent, part time or full-time basis, but does not include any member of the family of the employer.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Act provides for two kinds of complaints mechanisms: Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) and Local Complaints Committee (LCC). All Complaints Committees must have 50 per cent representation of women. ICC or LCC members will hold their position not exceeding three years from the date of their nomination or appointment.

Every employer is obliged to constitute an ICC through a written order and the District Officer will constitute an LCC in every district so as to enable women in the unorganised sector or small establishments to work in an environment free of sexual harassment.