Defence technology

Both statements are incorrect.
PINAKA is a multiple rocket launcher produced in India and developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation for the Indian Army. The system has a maximum range of 40 km for Mark-I and 75 km for Mark-II.
Enhanced PINAKA rocket, developed by DRDO has been successfully flight tested from Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the coast of Odisha recently.
Enhanced version of the Pinaka rocket would replace the existing Pinaka Mk-I rockets which are currently under production.

Two submarines of the ongoing Project-75 Scorpene programme at MDL, Kalvari and Khanderi, have been commissioned into the Indian Navy. The third submarine, Karanj, is in the last phase of rigorous sea trials. The fourth Scorpene, Vela, has commenced her sea trials, fifth Scorpene submarine of Project-75 named ‘Vagir’ has been launched at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) in Mumbai recently whilst the sixth and last submarine, Vagsheer, is being readied for boot together.
Scorpene submarines can undertake multifarious types of missions i.e Anti-Surface warfare, Anti-Submarine warfare, Intelligence gathering, Mine Laying, Area Surveillance etc.
The Scorpene project is given support by the Department of Defence Production (MoD) and Indian Navy throughout its various phases of construction.
# The number 75 in Project 75 refers to such unique identifier which was assigned to a programme for series production of submarines in India. Based on the specifications drawn for Project 75, the Scorpene class submarine from France, chosen under the project, is being constructed at the Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) in Mumbai.

White shipping information refers to exchange of relevant advance information on the identity and movement of commercial non-military merchant vessels.
The seas around India abound in vessels of various types ranging from small inland fishing crafts to larger fishing vessels, coastal crafts carrying personnel and cargo and merchant ships of all shapes and sizes that carry various types of cargo.
Being aware of the identity of these vessels is imperative to preventing any potential threat from the sea from impinging on the coastal and offshore security of the country. The 26/11 Mumbai terrorist attack is a case in point. Indian Navy has thus been working towards achieving complete Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) along with all other concerned agencies like the coast guard, customs, ports, fisheries, etc.
# White Shipping agreements refer to exchange of relevant advance information on the identity and movement of commercial non-military merchant vessels

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) framework is an initiative of the Ministry of Defence.

Statement 2 is correct. It was launched with the aim to achieve self-reliance and to foster innovation and technology development in Defence and Aerospace Sector by engaging Industries including MSMEs, start-ups, individual innovators, R&D institutes and academia.
This initiative provides them grants/funding and other support to carry out R&D which has good potential for future adoption for Indian defence and aerospace needs. iDEX is being funded and managed by a ‘Defence Innovation Organization (DIO)’.
The share of domestic procurement in overall Defence procurement is about 60 per cent.

Option 1 is incorrect. Armement Air-Sol Modulaire (AASM) HAMMER (Highly Agile Modular Munition Extended Range) is a medium-range modular air-to-ground weapon designed and manufactured by Sagem (Safran group), for the French Air Force and Navy.
Option 2 is incorrect. The T-90 is a third-generation Russian battle tank that entered service in 1993 and are also operated by India.
Option 3 is correct. Pinaka is a multi-barrel rocket launcher developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for the Indian Army.
Other products of Indian defence industry include Agni and Prithvi series of missiles; Tejas-light combat aircraft; Pinaka-multi-barrel rocket launcher; Akash-air defence system; Dhanush-artillery gun; Arjun-main battle tank etc.

Department of Military Affairs (DMA), Ministry of Defence (MoD) has prepared a list of 101 items for which there would be an embargo on the import beyond the timeline. The embargo on imports is planned to be progressively implemented between 2020 to 2024.
Option 1 is incorrect. Fifth Gen Fighter Aircraft has not been listed in the import embargo list put out by the Department of Military Affairs (DMA), Ministry of Defence (MoD).

Option 2 and 3 are correct. The list of 101 embargoed items comprises of not just simple parts but also some high technology weapon systems like artillery guns, assault rifles, corvettes, sonar systems, transport aircrafts, light combat helicopters (LCHs), Short Range Surface to Air Missiles (Land variant), Shipborne Cruise Missiles etc.
The light combat helicopters (LCHs), Shipborne Cruise Missiles and other 67 weapon systems have indicative import embargo date of December 2020.

Option 1 is correctly matched. Pinaka is a multiple rocket launcher produced in India and developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation for the Indian Army.
Option 2 is correctly matched. Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy.
BEL has launched fully indigenized Maareech Integration facility for manufacturing, integration and testing of Anti Torpedo Defence System Maareech which has been designed by DRDO.
Option 3 is incorrectly matched. Astra is India’s first beyond-visual-range (BVR) air-to-air missile indigenously designed and developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation. The maximum range of Astra is 110 km in head-on chase and 20 km in tail chase.

All of the above are correctly matched.
INS Arihant is the lead ship of India’s Arihant class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines. The 6,000 tonne vessel was built under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project at the Ship Building Centre in the port city of Visakhapatnam.
Recently an Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) for the Indian Coast Guard was launched today and re-christened as Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Sarthak’. It has been designed and built indigenously by Goa Shipyard Limited.
INS Airavat is a Shardul-class amphibious warfare vessel of the Indian Navy. It was built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers in Kolkata. Primarily designed for amphibious assault operations, Airavat’s missions also include humanitarian assistance & disaster relief (HADR) during natural disasters, including tsunamis, cyclones and earthquakes.

Defence Minister recently launched a portal SRIJAN which is a one stop shop online portal that provides access to the vendors to take up items for indigenization.
The main objective of the portal is to partner the private sector in indigenization efforts of Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), OFB and the Armed Forces. The portal will be a non-transactional online market place platform.
DPSUs/OFB/SHQs will display their items on this portal, which they have imported or going to import, each item having sizeable import value. They will also display those items which have been planned in the coming years, for indigenization.
The Indian industry will be able to show their interest in those items for which they can design, develop and manufacture as per their capability or through joint venture with OEMs.

The Industrial Security Annex (ISA), signed between India and the U.S. at the second 2+2 dialogue in Washington, will open the door for U.S. defence companies to partner with the Indian private sector for several multi-billion dollar deals in the pipeline, especially the deal for 114 fighter jets.
• The ISA is a part of the General Security Of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA), which India signed with the U.S. long back.
• It became critical as India opened up the defense sector to the private sector and the Strategic Partnership policy, which has few big military platforms and is reserved for the Indian private sector. U.S. companies are in the race for multi-billion dollar deal for 114 fighter jets, among other deals.

: Statement 1 is incorrect. BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile being
developed by BrahMos Aerospace, a joint venture between Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) of India and NPO Mashinostroeyenia (NPOM) of Russia.
BrahMos has a flight range of up to 290km and can reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.
Statement 2 is correct. BrahMos is powered by a two-stage propulsion system. Initial
acceleration is provided by a solid-propellant booster and supersonic cruise speed is
provided by a liquid-fuelled ramjet system.
# BrahMos surface-to-surface supersonic cruise missile featuring indigenous Booster and
Airframe Section was successfully flight tested recently.

: The Supersonic Missile Assisted Release of Torpedo (SMART) has been
successfully flight tested recently from Wheeler Island off the coast of Odisha.
Statement 1 is incorrect. SMART is a missile assisted release of lightweight Anti-Submarine
Torpedo System for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) operations far beyond Torpedo range.
This launch and demonstration is significant in establishing Anti-Submarine warfare
capabilities.
Statement 2 is correct. It has been developed by DRDO, a number of DRDO laboratories
including DRDL, RCI Hyderabad, ADRDE Agra, NSTL Visakhapatnam have developed the
technologies required for SMART

: Statement 1 is correct. The RUDRAM is first indigenous anti-radiation missile
of the country being developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO).
It is a new generation Anti-Radiation Missile and was successfully Flight tested recently
onto a radiation target located on Wheeler Island off the coast of Odisha.
Statement 2 is correct. It has INS-GPS navigation with Passive Homing Head for the final
attack. The RUDRAM hit the radiation target with pin-point accuracy.
The Passive Homing Head can detect, classify and engage targets over a wide band of
frequencies as programmed.

Statement 1 is incorrect. “INS Kavaratti” is a Project 28 (Kamorta class)
Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) stealth corvette.
It is not nuclear powered rather the Kamorta class corvettes are powered by four Pielstick
12 PA6 STC marine diesel engines. The engines, license-built by Indian company
Kirloskar, enable the Kamorta-class vessels to be highly maneuverable with a top speed of
25 knots.
Statement 2 is correct. It has been indigenously designed by the Indian Navy’s in-house
organisation, Directorate of Naval Design (DND), and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders &
Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata.
Kavaratti has a state-of-the-art weapons and sensor suite capable of detecting and
prosecuting submarines.
# Kavaratti takes her name from erstwhile INS Kavaratti which was an Arnala class missile
corvette. The older Kavaratti distinguished herself by operating in war of Bangladesh’s
liberation in 1971.

Option 1 is incorrect. Astra is an all-weather beyond-visual-range air-to-air
missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation.
Option 2 is correct. The anti-tank guided missile or ATGM Nag has been developed by the
DRDO to engage heavily armored enemy tanks in day and night.
The final user trial of India’s third-generation anti-tank guided missile Nag was carried out
recently at the Pokhran range in Rajasthan.
The missile has fire-and-forget and top attack capabilities with passive homing guidance to
defeat all main battle tanks equipped with composite and reactive armour.
Option 3 is correct. The indigenous missile ‘stand-off anti-tank missile’ (SANT) being
developed indigenously by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is
expected to be mated to the Indian Air Force’s Russian-origin Mi-35 attack helicopters.

During the developmental stage of a ship or a submarine, specific projects are generally assigned a numerical character as a unique identifier to the project.

In a series production of the warship construction project, all ships/submarines of the series have common design characteristics and capabilities.

The term ‘class’ in the Kolkata Class refers to a series of warships constructed under Project 15A which includes Indian naval ships INS Kolkata, INS Kochi and INS Chennai.

Similarly, all six submarines constructed under Project 75 are referred to as Kalvari Class of submarines.

Project 15 Destroyers – Delhi Class (Delhi, Mysore, and Mumbai)
Project 16 Frigates – Godavari Class (Godavari, Ganga and Gomti)
Project 16A Frigates – Brahmaputra Class (Brahmaputra, Betwa and Beas)
Project 17 Stealth Frigates – Shivalik Class (Shivalik, Sahyadri and Satpura)
Project 28 Anti-Submarine Corvettes – Kamorta Class (Kamorta, Kadmatt, Kiltan and
Kavaratti)
The Project 75I-class submarine is a follow-on of the Project 75 Kalvari-class submarine for the Indian Navy

: India’s first Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC-I) INS Vikrant is under
construction at Kochi Shipyard and is soon expected to undergo sea trials. Since 2017,
after INS Viraat was decommissioned, India has been operating a single carrier — INS
Vikramaditya.
The Dassault Rafale is a twin-jet combat aircraft capable of carrying out a wide range of
short and long-range missions, including ground and sea attacks, designed and built by
Dassault Aviation.
Astra is an all-weather beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile developed by the Defence
Research and Development Organisation.

: The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) recently
successful flight test of ABHYAS – High-speed Expendable Aerial Target from the Interim
Test Range, Balasore in Odisha.
Abhyas is designed and developed by Aeronautical Development Establishment of DRDO.
The air vehicle is launched using twin underslung booster. It is powered by a small gas
turbine engine and has MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) based Inertial Navigation
System for navigation along with the Flight Control Computer for guidance and control.

The new Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) has been cleared by the
Defence ministry recently.
Statement 1 is correct. There may be occasions when procurements would have to be done
from friendly foreign countries which may be necessitated due to geo-strategic advantages
or imperatives of strategic partnerships or major military, technological, economic,
diplomatic or political benefits.
The DAP 2020 has done away with the offset clause on government to government
buys and states that No offsets will be applicable in cases progressed through IGA like
Foreign Military Sales (FMS).
Statement 2 is correct. Leasing is introduced as another category for acquisition in addition
to the existing ‘Buy’ and ‘Make’ acquisition categories as it provides for an innovative
technique for financing of equipment.
Leasing would be permitted in two sub categories i.e. Lease (Indian), where Lessor is an
Indian entity and is the owner of the asset, and Lease (Global) which refers to lease of
equipment from foreign or Indian Lessors. Lease (Indian) would be the preferred category.

: Statement 1 is correct. Defence India Start-up Challenge (DISC) are
launched with Problem Statements (PS) from Armed Forces and Ordnance Factory
Boards or Defence PSUs for resolution to prospective startups, innovators, MSMEs alike to
provide their innovative ideas on technologies which find their application in the defence
sector.
In order to develop a ‘right product and the product right’, Defence Innovation
Organisation (DIO) has adopted the Product Management Approach to steer the prototype
development to a market ready product.
Statement 2 is incorrect. It has been launched by the iDEX initiative of the Department
of Defence Production. The iDEX initiatives are executed by Defence Innovation
Organisation, a Section 8 company of DPSUs BEL and HAL.
The fourth round of Defence India Startup Challenge (DISC) has been launched by iDEX.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Under the Project 17A program, a total of seven ships, four at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and three ships at Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd., GRSE are being built with enhanced stealth features, advanced indigenous weapon and sensor fit along with several other improvements.
‘Himgiri’, the first of the three Project 17A ships being built at M/s Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE), Kolkata was launched on 14 December 2020.
Statement 2 is correct. P17A ships are the first gas turbine propulsion and largest combat platforms ever built at GRSE.

Option 1 is correctly matched. The S-400 Triumph is an air defence missile system developed by Almaz Central Design Bureau of Russia. The new system replaced the S-300P and S-200 air defence systems of the Russian Army. The S-400 was developed as an upgrade of the S-300 series of surface-to-air missile systems.

In October 2018, Rosoboronexport signed a contract with India to deliver S-400 missile system. China and Turkey are other buyers of the system from Russia.

Option 2 is correctly matched. Terminal High Altitude Area Defense is a transportable, ground-based missile defense system. It has been designed and manufactured by the US company Lockheed Martin. Terminal High Altitude Area Defense is a transportable, ground-based missile defense system.

Statement 1 is correct. Aero India exhibition is organized every alternate year. It is one of the major exhibitions for aerospace and defence industries with a public air show. It enables industry professional to gain market insights, announce new developments and gain media coverage. Aero India offers a unique platform to international aviation sector to bolster business.

Aero India 2021 is the 13^th edition of Aero India being organised at Bengaluru, Karnataka from 03-07 February 2021.

Statement 2 is correct. The Tejas LCA together with its variants, is the smallest and lightest Multi-Role Supersonic Fighter Aircraft of its class. This single engine, Compound-Delta-Wing, Tailless Aircraft is designed and developed to meet diverse needs of the Indian Air Force (IAF).

# The logo for Aero India is inspired by the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA).

Both statements are correct.

In aerodynamics, a hypersonic speed is one that greatly exceeds the speed of sound, often stated as starting at speeds of Mach 5 and above.

A test facility designed or considered for hypersonic testing should simulate the typical flow features of this flow regime. To develop satellite launch rockets, space shuttles, etc., it is essential to test in the hypersonic range of Mach number 5 or more. The hypersonic wind tunnel is used to test flight characteristics in a hypersonic region.

# Defence minister recently inaugurated the advanced Hypersonic Wind Tunnel test facility in Hyderabad. With this India has become the third country to have such a huge facility in size and capability after America and Russia.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Barak-8 Surface-to-Air Missile Defence system or LRSAM provides a 360-degree defence against various airborne threats. Complemented by a state-of-the-art multi-mission radar, flexible control and command system, and two-way data link, Barak-8 can engage multiple targets at the same time during day and night in all weather conditions.

Statement 2 is correct. Barak-8, jointly developed by the Israel Ministry of Defense (IMOD) and the DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organization) in India, is an advanced groundbreaking air and missile defense system which provides ultimate protection against a variety of aerial platforms, in both land and naval scenarios.

# Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) recently tested Army version of MRSAM is a surface to Air Missile developed jointly by DRDO, India and IAI, Israel for use of the Indian Army.

: Prithvi-II missile is a surface-to-surface tactical missile with a strike range of 350 km.

 It is developed by DRDO under Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).

 It is capable of carrying 500 to 1,000 kg of warheads, both conventional as well as nuclear.

 The state-of-the-art missile is powered by liquid propulsion twin engines.

 It uses an advanced inertial guidance system with maneuvering orbit to hit its target.

 It was inducted into armour of the defence forces in 2003

The Indian Army successfully tested two newly acquired Spike long-range (LR) anti-tank guided missiles at the Infantry School at Mhow, Madhya Pradesh.

 The Army has recently procured a small batch of 12 launchers and 250 missiles from Israel using its new financial powers to make emergency procurements sanctioned by the Defence Ministry.

 “Spike-LR is a fourth generation missile, which can engage a target with precision at ranges up to 4 km.

 In addition to the fire-and-forget capability, the missile has the ability to fire, observe and update, providing substantial flexibility to the firer to pinpoint the impact point, as also the ability to switch to a different target mid-flight,” the manufacturer, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, of Israel.

The Indian Army, which began inducting the indigenously upgraded Dhanush artillery guns, will have the first regiment in place by March 2020 and will get all 114 guns by 2022.

 Dhanush is the indigenously upgraded variant of the Swedish Bofors gun imported in the 1980s.

 Dhanush is a 155 mm, 45-calibre towed artillery gun with a range of 36km and has demonstrated a range of 38 km with specialised ammunition.

 It is an upgrade of the existing 155m, 39 calibre Bofors FH 77 gun.

: Losharik is a highly advanced nuclear powered submarine of Russia.

 Recently a fire accident was reported on the submarine within the Russian territorial waters.

 It is a deep-diving special mission’s ship, operated by the Russian Navy.

 It is capable of withstanding high pressures at great depths, enabling it to survey the ocean floor.

The terms “Rani Rashmoni, Rani Abbakka, Rani Avanti Bai, Rani Durgavati and Rani Gaidinliu” often seen in news is related to which of the following?

: Project 15B is a class of stealth guided missile destroyers.

 Warships built under Project 15Bravo, with a length of 163 metres and 17.4 metres at the beam and a displacement of 7.300 tonnes, are propelled by four gas turbines to achieve speeds in excess of 30 knots.

 Ships under this project can carry and operate two multiple role helicopters.

· Enhanced stealth features have been achieved through the shaping of hull and use of radar transparent deck fittings which make these ships difficult to

: NIRBHAY, the long-range, sub-sonic, cruise missile was successfully tested today with a sharper ‘terrain hugging capability’.

 The NIRBHAY missile has a range of 700 km to 1,000 km.

 After its launch in typical missile style, it can be controlled in aircraft mode.

 Travelling at sub-sonic speeds of different Mach (speed of sound), the hit capacity is enhanced by control and by homing in on targets at different altitudes.

: Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system.

Statement 1 is incorrect: Submarines are essentially of two types: conventional and

nuclear. Conventional submarines use a diesel-electric engine, and must surface daily

for oxygen for fuel combustion. If fitted with an Air Independent Propulsion (AIP)

system, the submarine needs to take in oxygen only once a week.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The state-of-the-art “air independent propulsion” (AIP) system

that the Defence R&D Organisation (DRDO) is indigenously developing will be ready to

drive the Indian Navy’s submarines from 2024 onwards. Consequently, this AIP will not

power the six new submarines that the navy is tendering in a Rs 45,000crore programme

called Project 75-I. Instead, those six boats (as the navy traditionally refers to submarines)

will have AIP systems that the foreign vendor must offer.