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Context:
- With three-cornered Cold War around the corner, India must seek nonaligned partnerships
Three-cornered Cold War:
- The United States has identified both China and Russia as adversaries, whose leaders, Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin are determined to stand up to a Donald Trump, who is clinging on to doctrines of ultranationalism and nuclear hegemony.
- Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, President of the Russian Federation has announced that Russia has machines like an underwater drone armed with a nuclear warhead powerful enough to sweep away coastal facilities, aircraft carriers and a hypersonic vehicle impossible to intercept as it flies in a cloud of plasma “like a meteorite”.
- Cuba’s “axis of evil” has emerged once again under Iran’s leadership.
- This time it is a three-cornered Cold War, without any corner having committed countries to act together as military allies.
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):
- Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is curse today even to those who helped shape it and revelled in it for years.
- India had a stake in its integrity India toiled tirelessly to keep it on the middle road.
- Had it not been for India, NAM would have been wound up at a ministerial meeting in Ghana in 1991 soon after the collapse of the Berlin Wall.
- India argued vehemently against those who felt that NAM had outlived its utility.
- Since the essence of nonalignment was freedom of thought and action, India insisted that it was valid whether there was one bloc or no bloc.
‘Nonalignment 2.0’:
- An effort was made in 2012 to craft a ‘Nonalignment 2.0’ in the context of the new global situation, India’s growing importance and the rivalry between the U.S. and China.
The report:
- The report said that in a situation where the world is no longer bifurcated between two dominant powers, nonalignment today will require managing complicated coalitions and opportunities in an environment that is not structurally settled.
- India’s big challenge would be to aim at not just being powerful but to set new standards for what the powerful must do.
- India’s legitimacy in the world will come from its ability to stand for the highest human and universal values and at the global level.
- The policy of “strategic autonomy” recommended that India should not take sides in the rivalry between China and the U.S.
- Strategic and foreign policy to be successful, India must sustain domestic economic growth, social inclusion and democracy.
Reincarnation of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in the wake of Cold War (in a new form):
Reviving NAM:
- An obvious way is to revive NAM by bringing in new provisions and making it fit to deal with the new norm.
- A partnership of near equals like IBSA (India, Brazil and South Africa) with similar interests without any ideological conflict is probably the best model to follow.
- Something on the lines of the G-15 organised by India and like-minded countries some years ago could be put together with the objective of dealing with the kind of issues identified by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Davos — climate change, terrorism and protectionism.
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi is not someone who will hesitate to think out of the box to achieve his objectives.
India’s reluctance:
- In the wake of a strategic partnership with the U.S., a revival of NAM, did not seem to appeal either to the Manmohan Singh government or the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party.
- For Prime Minister Narendra Modi too, NAM was nothing but a relic of the Nehruvian past and it did not form part of his vocabulary.
- Therefore, the prime Minster did not find it necessary to attend the NAM Summit in Venezuela in 2016.
