A study of intergenerational mobility

A study of intergenerational mobility

News:

1. The article discusses about progress amongst various groups on the basis of  intergenerational mobility.

Important Facts:

2. Intergenerational mobility refers to an improvement in social status of an individual or group from the previous generation.
3. A recent paper, “Intergenerational Mobility in India: Estimates from New Methods and Administrative Data” analyses data from various India Human Development Surveys and the Socio-Economic Caste Census of 2011 to determine this intergenerational mobility.
4. Findings of the study to assess intergenerational mobility:

• Variation amongst States: The southern states along with Maharashtra, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and J&K have higher upward mobility .
• The upward mobility refers to the ability of an individual, family or some other group to improve  their economic,social and education status by means of their income,marriage, job etc.
• Few pockets of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, southern Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand,  West Bengal and Odisha and north-eastern States (except Manipur) have relatively lower upward mobility.
• Variation amongst rural and urban areas: The mobility in urban areas is significantly higher than in rural areas.
• The mobility gap between urban and rural locations is about equal to today’s gap between higher caste Hindus and SCs.
• Variation amongst different groups: There is rising mobility among the SCs and STs post-liberalisation.
• Among Muslims, except in J&K, there has been declining intergenerational mobility.
• Among the STs in  remote districts there is 59% upward mobility gap ( inequality in low-income families to achieve higher social and economic status) with the forward or other reference groups.
• On an average, children are most successful in exiting the bottom of the education distribution in places that are in south India, are urban, or in general have higher average education levels.

5. Predictors of upward mobility:

• The average income and education in rural areas.
• The average education, size and low segregation in urban areas.