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A study of intergenerational mobility
News:
- The article discusses about progress amongst various groups on the basis of intergenerational mobility.
Important Facts:
- Intergenerational mobility refers to an improvement in social status of an individual or group from the previous generation.
- A recent paper, “Intergenerational Mobility in India: Estimates from New Methods and Administrative Data” analyses data from various India Human Development Surveys and the Socio-Economic Caste Census of 2011 to determine this intergenerational mobility.
- Findings of the study to assess intergenerational mobility:
- Variation amongst States: The southern states along with Maharashtra, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and J&K have higher upward mobility .
- The upward mobility refers to the ability of an individual, family or some other group to improve their economic,social and education status by means of their income,marriage, job etc.
- Few pockets of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, southern Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha and north-eastern States (except Manipur) have relatively lower upward mobility.
- Variation amongst rural and urban areas: The mobility in urban areas is significantly higher than in rural areas.
- The mobility gap between urban and rural locations is about equal to today’s gap between higher caste Hindus and SCs.
- Variation amongst different groups: There is rising mobility among the SCs and STs post-liberalisation.
- Among Muslims, except in J&K, there has been declining intergenerational mobility.
- Among the STs in remote districts there is 59% upward mobility gap ( inequality in low-income families to achieve higher social and economic status) with the forward or other reference groups.
- On an average, children are most successful in exiting the bottom of the education distribution in places that are in south India, are urban, or in general have higher average education levels.
- Predictors of upward mobility:
- The average income and education in rural areas.
- The average education, size and low segregation in urban areas.