News: Researchers from China recently reported that it’s hard to make sense of the widespread persistence of A-to-I mRNA editing in animals.
About A-to-I mRNA Editing in Animals
- mRNA: Our cells use DNA as a guide to make proteins. First, they copy DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).
- A-to-I editing: This is a process where the letter adenosine (A) in mRNA is changed to inosine (I) by special enzymes called ADARs.
- The cell reads inosine as guanine (G), which can change the protein being made.
Importance
- It helps the cell make different versions of proteins without changing the DNA.
- It can remove early stop signals, allowing full proteins to be made.
- It helps the cell adapt to different conditions or stages of life.
Latest Discovery
- Fungal Discovery: Scientists found that the fungus edits over 26,000 mRNA sites during reproduction, not during normal growth.
- Development Role: This editing fixes early stop signals in key genes, helping the fungus develop and reproduce properly.
- Stress Adaptation: Some genes work better unedited under stress, showing the fungus edits only when needed for survival.
Association with Humans: Yes, A-to-I editing is common in humans:
- In the brain: It helps with brain growth, memory, and learning.
- In the immune system: It helps fight infections and control inflammation.
- Health Implications:
- Health Risks: Faulty editing is linked to epilepsy and certain cancers.
- Therapeutic Potential: Understanding this process can lead to new treatments and improve gene-editing technologies.
