Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS)

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News: The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has proposed making Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS) mandatory for all new car models from October 1, 2030, to help reduce road accidents.

About Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS)

Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS)
Source: Financial Express
  • The Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS) is an active vehicle safety technology designed to prevent collisions or reduce their severity. 
  • The system continuously monitors the road ahead, warns the driver when it detects a potential collision with another vehicle, pedestrian or cyclist, and automatically applies the brakes if the driver fails to respond in time.
  • Key feature: Its key feature is Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). 
  • It is a collection of more than 100 electronic technologies designed to improve road safety. These technologies help drivers drive more safely and comfortably. 
    • They use sensors, cameras and radar to monitor the road and detect possible dangers. 
    • Examples include collision avoidance, lane-keeping assistance and traffic sign recognition.
  • How it works: AEBS operates continuously while a vehicle is moving. 
    • It uses a combination of radar sensors, cameras or Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, typically mounted near the front bumper or windscreen, to assess the distance from obstacles, their relative speed and the time remaining before a potential collision.
  •  Stages: The system generally works in three stages:
    1. Warning stage: When the system detects an obstacle approaching rapidly and calculates that a collision is imminent, it issues an audio-visual alert, such as a dashboard warning light and a beeping sound, prompting the driver to brake
    2. Partial or pre-braking stage: If the driver does not respond, the system may apply a brief, sharp brake pulse as a warning and pre-charge the braking system to maximise stopping power.
    3. Full emergency braking stage: If the driver still fails to take action and a collision is imminent, AEBS automatically applies maximum braking force. This may stop the vehicle completely or significantly reduce the severity of the impact.
  • Advantages: It helps to reduce rear-end collisions, road accidents and related injuries.
  • Limitations: It has few limitations such as Weather conditions that can affect sensors and cameras, poor visibility, false braking and limited detection. 

Adoption of AEBS Around the World 

  • European Union (EU): The EU made AEBS mandatory for new commercial vehicles and trucks from 2015. The requirement was extended to all new car models from May 2022 and all newly registered passenger cars from May 2024.
  • Japan: Japan made AEBS mandatory for all new passenger vehicles from fiscal year 2021. The main aim was to improve road safety, particularly for elderly people, by detecting other vehicles and pedestrians.
  • United States (US): Between 2016 and 2022, a voluntary agreement with 20 major automakers led to AEBS being installed in over 95% of new cars. The US has also mandated advanced AEBS for all new light vehicles and trucks from September 1, 2029.
  • China: More than 60% of new passenger cars sold in China already have AEBS. Under a new national standard, it will become mandatory for all new passenger cars and light commercial vehicles from January 1, 2028.
  • Australia: Australia introduced mandatory automatic emergency braking (AEB) through its vehicle safety standards. It became mandatory for new vehicle models launched after March 2023 and was extended to all newly sold passenger cars, SUVs and light commercial vehicles by March 2025.
  • United Kingdom (UK): The UK requires AEBS in all newly registered passenger cars. Heavy commercial vehicles have been required to use the technology since 2015. The regulations also require advanced systems that can detect vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists.
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