Source: The post AI is transforming genomics and healthcare has been created, based on the article “The various challenges associated with AI-driven genetic testing” published in “The Hindu” on 3rd February 2025.
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper3-Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
Context: The article discusses how AI is improving genomics by analyzing large genetic data quickly. It highlights advancements in cancer research and personalized healthcare. It also warns about ethical concerns, inaccurate predictions, and data security risks, citing past breaches in genetic testing companies.
For detailed information on Generative AI (Artificial Intelligence): Benefits and Challenges read this article here
How Has AI Transformed Genomics?
- Faster Genetic Analysis: AI speeds up genetic data processing, allowing researchers to analyze vast amounts of information quickly.
- Discovery of Junk DNA’s Role: In March 2024, Johns Hopkins University researchers used AI to analyze 1,200 types of junk DNA and found links to tumors.
- Personalized Healthcare: Gene Box uses AI to predict genetic predispositions and provide personalized recommendations based on scientific research.
- Enhanced Cancer Research: AI helps detect genetic patterns in tumors, improving diagnostics and treatment options.
- Improved Genetic Testing: AI-driven models continuously update with new research, ensuring more accurate genetic insights.
What Are the Challenges in Genetic Predictions?
- Genetics is Only a Partial Factor: Genetics influences only 30% of traits like academic success or career outcomes. This makes genetic predictions unreliable for such complex traits.
- Uncertain Diagnostic Value: Some genetic variations fall into a “grey zone of significance,” meaning their impact is unclear. Family members may also need testing to confirm results.
- Risk vs. Certainty: About 80 genes are linked to Alzheimer’s, but carrying these genes does not guarantee developing the disease. Conversely, someone without these genes may still develop it.
- Unexpected Findings: Genetic tests may reveal health risks a person was not looking for, raising ethical concerns, especially in cases like mental health conditions.
What Is the Future of AI in Genomics?
- The future of AI in genomics looks promising. AI speeds up genetic data analysis, as seen in Johns Hopkins University’s research on “junk DNA” and cancer. Startups like Gene Box use AI to predict genetic risks and personalize healthcare.
- However, challenges remain. Genetic tests cannot guarantee diseases like Alzheimer’s, and security risks exist, as seen in 23andMe’s 2023 data breach affecting 6.9 million users.
- Despite risks, AI-driven genomics is attracting investment due to its potential for personalized medicine.
Question for practice:
Examine how AI has transformed genomics and the challenges associated with genetic predictions.
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