| Introduction: What are simultaneous elections? Body: What are its implications on India’s polity? Conclusion: Way forward. |
Recently, the government has constituted a committee headed by former president of India Ram Nath Kovind to explore the possibility of “one nation, one election”. The idea of “One Nation, One Election” envisages a system where elections to all states and the Lok Sabha will have to be held simultaneously. This will involve the restructuring of the Indian election cycle in a manner that elections to the States and the Centre synchronize. This would mean that the voters will cast their vote for electing members of the LS and the state assemblies on a single day, at the same time (or in a phased manner as the case may be)
What are the implications of such an exercise?
- Economic impact: Both the election commission’s and the candidates’ expenses during an election are significant administrative costs. Another important factor for corruption and the use of black money in the country is expenditure by candidates. Reduced election-related expenditure could lead to economic savings which would potentially boost economic growth.
- Continuity in policies: Frequent elections result in the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) being imposed for extended periods, which frequently causes policy paralysis. Simultaneous election presents a better chance of policy continuity and long-term planning, reducing the likelihood of sudden policy changes with every election.
- Federalism: Critics argue that simultaneous elections might undermine the federal structure of India, as states may lose their autonomy and get caught up in national politics. The state government would have to be suspended with President rule imposed to cut short their tenure in tune with Lok Sabha elections.
- Administrative convenience: Simultaneous elections will take away the administrative burden of the armed police forces who are frequently deployed in election duties which could otherwise be better deployed for other internal security purposes. The Election Commission can operate more efficiently and allocate resources more effectively with fewer elections.
- Dominance of national issues: In simultaneous elections, voters might end up voting more for national issues while neglecting the state and local issues like health, jobs, and education. This would eventually benefit national parties and marginalize state parties.
- Constitutional amendment: Simultaneous elections will bring up amendments to the Constitution, the Representation of the People Act 1951, and the Rules of Procedure of Lok Sabha and state Assemblies” which will require the consent of states and consensus among various political parties. Amending the process is a contentious process that has to be passed per the basic structure of the Constitution.
- Impact on Diversity: Instead of promoting equity, plurality, linguistic & cultural diversity, simultaneous elections may lead to homogenization of the country.
Conclusion:
Simultaneous elections are a delicate issue that requires consensus among all political parties The Success of such an initiative would depend on careful planning and the ability to strike a balance between national and regional interests.
