[Answered] Critically evaluate the challenges and prospects for achieving a two-state solution in the context of the recent terror attacks by Hamas. What measures can be taken to build trust and pave the way for a peaceful coexistence between Israel and Palestine?

The “two-state solution” refers to a proposed resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that envisions the establishment of two separate and independent states, one for Israelis (Israel) and the other for Palestinians (Palestine), living side by side in peace and security.

Challenges in achieving the solution

• Security Concerns: Terror attacks, particularly those by Hamas, have caused significant security concerns for Israel. These attacks erode trust and make it difficult for Israelis to support concessions or a two-state solution that they perceive as compromising their security.
• Internal Political Division: The Palestinian territories are divided between the West Bank, governed by the Palestinian Authority (Fatah), and Gaza, controlled by Hamas. This political division has hindered the ability of Palestinians to negotiate and implement a unified peace agreement.
• Settlements: Israel’s continued construction of settlements in the West Bank is a major point of contention. Palestinians view these settlements as a violation of their territorial rights and a threat to the viability of a future Palestinian state.

Prospects for achieving the solution

• International Pressure: The international community, including the United States, the United Nations, and the European Union, continues to advocate for a two-state solution. Diplomatic efforts may intensify to push both parties toward negotiations.
• Public Opinion: Both Israelis and Palestinians overwhelmingly support a two-state solution. Grassroots efforts to advance peace and discussion are crucial because the public can have an impact on political decisions.

Measures that can be taken to achieve the solution

• Halt settlements expansion: Israel should halt settlement expansion in the West Bank as a confidence-building measure. Addressing this issue is crucial to demonstrating a genuine commitment to peace.
• Engage Regional Powers: Regional powers, such as Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia, can play a role in supporting peace negotiations and normalizing relations between Israel and Arab states
• Ceasefire and Confidence-Building Measures: Both sides must commit to and enforce a long-term ceasefire to halt violence. Confidence-building measures could include prisoner releases, humanitarian aid, and joint economic initiatives.
• People-to-People Initiatives: Encourage civil society organizations, cultural exchanges, and educational programs that bring Israelis and Palestinians together to foster understanding and build bridges.

Conclusion

The world stands at a critical juncture following the impacts of COVID-19 and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine-Russia. Preventing another conflict that could disrupt global supply chains is imperative. It is incumbent upon the international community to actively pursue peace between the two states. Any effective peace initiative must address the longstanding obstacles that have hindered the peace process, namely, the issues surrounding West Bank borders and settlements, Israeli security concerns, the Palestinian refugee crisis, and the status of Jerusalem.