[Answered] Critically examine the potential of regenerative farming and climate-smart agriculture in achieving sustainable agricultural growth in India. What policy interventions are necessary?

Indian agriculture stands at a crossroads, requiring innovative solutions to ensure food security, improve rural livelihoods, and achieve environmental sustainability by 2047.

Potential of Regenerative Farming and Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)

• Enhancing Soil Health: Regenerative practices like no-till farming, crop rotation, and cover cropping improve soil fertility, enhance microbial diversity, and increase carbon sequestration. This approach addresses soil degradation, a major issue affecting 30% of India’s arable land.
• Water Conservation: Techniques such as mulching, agroforestry, and precision irrigation reduce water usage, crucial in water-scarce regions. CSA promotes efficient irrigation systems like drip irrigation, which aligns with the PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana.
• Mitigating Climate Change: Both approaches aim to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through reduced chemical inputs, integrated pest management, and improved livestock management. Carbon sequestration in soil through regenerative farming can help India meet its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
• Improving Farmers’ Income: By reducing input costs (chemical fertilizers and pesticides) and enhancing yields, these methods support farmers’ financial stability. The emphasis on organic certification and sustainable supply chains creates opportunities for premium pricing in domestic and global markets.

Policy Interventions for Scaling Sustainable Agriculture

• Strengthening Extension Services: Launch awareness campaigns and provide training on regenerative and CSA practices through Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and farmer-producer organizations (FPOs). Promote the integration of traditional ecological knowledge with modern scientific methods.
• Realigning Subsidies: Shift subsidies from chemical fertilizers to bio-fertilizers, compost, and organic inputs. Provide financial support for transitioning farmers through targeted schemes.
• Promoting Research and Development: Invest in research to develop region-specific solutions for regenerative farming and CSA. Collaborate with global institutions to bring innovative technologies to Indian farms.
• Market Linkages and Certification: Establish robust certification systems for regenerative produce and ensure market access through e-NAM and other platforms. Facilitate public-private partnerships to integrate sustainable agriculture into value chains.
• Climate Resilience Funding: Expand the ambit of schemes like the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) to include direct funding for regenerative farming practices. Create insurance products that address the risks of transitioning to CSA.

Conclusion

Achieving a viksit agri economy by 2047 requires investments in technology, robust policy frameworks, and grassroots participation to ensure inclusivity. By embracing these imperatives, Indian agriculture can transition into a sustainable, globally competitive sector that supports rural livelihoods and secures food for future generations.