[Answered] Critically examine the role of India-US strategic cooperation in addressing common global challenges such as climate change, trade, and security. What are the key factors that could either strengthen or strain this partnership in the near future?

India-US strategic cooperation has matured significantly over the past quarter century, evolving from a fragile relationship to a more robust partnership capable of withstanding disagreements.

Role of India-US Strategic Cooperation

• Climate Change: India and the US, as major global emitters, have a significant role to play in combating climate change. The partnership was revitalized during the Biden administration, with the re-entry of the US into the Paris Agreement and the launch of initiatives like the India-US Climate and Clean Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership.
• Trade: Trade relations between India and the US have witnessed both cooperation and friction. The US is India’s largest trading partner, and both countries have benefited from trade in services, particularly in the IT and pharmaceutical sectors.
• Security:Shared concerns about China’s growing assertiveness have led to stronger military cooperation through initiatives like the Quad, defense agreements such as BECA, and joint military exercises. India’s strategic location and its commitment to a rules-based order align well with US interests in countering Chinese influence and maintaining stability in the region.

Stabilizing Factors in India-US Cooperation

• Economic and Technological Cooperation: India and the US have fostered collaborations in emerging technologies, including critical sectors like AI, cybersecurity, and space exploration.
• Geopolitical Alignment: The deepening strategic ties between India and the US, especially in the Indo-Pacific, highlight the convergence of geopolitical interests. Both nations share concerns over China’s rising influence, and this has fostered greater military cooperation.
• Strategic Importance of Diaspora: The Indian diaspora plays a symbolic role in strengthening ties between the two nations. High-profile engagements with the diaspora serve as a soft power tool, cementing cultural and people-to-people links.

Potential Strains on the Partnership

• Differing Stances on Global Issues: India and the US have differences on several key global issues, such as the war in Ukraine and democracy in Bangladesh. India’s close ties with Russia, particularly in defense procurement, conflict with US-led sanctions against Russia.
• Trade Frictions: Trade issues remain a sticking point, as India’s protectionist policies and the US’s demands for greater market access and intellectual property rights have caused recurring disputes.
• Divergent Approaches to Democratic Freedoms: A major strain on the relationship is the differing stances on human rights and democratic values.

Conclusion

The India-US strategic partnership has become steadier over time, with common goals in climate change, trade, and security providing a strong foundation.