[Answered] Discuss the 7 targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030). How Sendai framework envision to achieve these targets?

The Sendai Framework is the successor to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015. It is a 15-year, voluntary, non-binding agreement which recognises that the State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk. It aims for the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health.

The Seven Global Targets: To support the assessment of global progress in achieving the outcome and goal of the present Framework, seven global targets have been agreed. These targets will be measured at the global level. The seven global targets are:

1. Target 1 to reduce mortality: First target aim to substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, with an aim to lower average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020-2030 compared to the period 2005-2015.
2. Target 2 to reduce the number of affected people: Second target aim to reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, with target to lower the average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020 -2030 compared to the period 2005-2015.
3. Target 3 to reduce direct disaster economic loss: It target to reduce loss in global gross domestic product (GDP) due to disaster by 2030.
4. Target 4 to substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services: This include reducing damage to health and educational facilities through developing their resilience by 2030.
5. Target 5 to spread disaster risk efforts: It envisage tosubstantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020.
6. Target 6 to increase cooperation and support: It aim to enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of this Framework by 2030.
7. Target 7 to increase accessibility: It target to substantially increase the availability and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the people by 2030.

Sendai framework chart out Four Priorities for Action for achieving its goals:

1. Understanding disaster risk: It states that disaster risk management should be based on an understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions. Such knowledge can be used for risk assessment, prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response.
2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk: Disaster risk governance at the national, regional and global levels is very important for prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation. It lead to collaboration and partnership.
3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience:Public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and reduction through structural and non-structural measures are essential to enhance the economic, social, health and cultural resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets, as well as the environment.
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response: The growth of disaster risk means there is a need to strengthen disaster preparedness for response, take action in anticipation of events, and ensure capacities are in place for effective response and recovery at all levels. The recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase is a critical opportunity to build back better, including through integrating disaster risk reduction into development measures.

Sendai framework stress on shared responsibilityof each State, authority, sector and various stakeholders to prevent and reduce disaster risk through international, regional and bilateral cooperation. It rightly emphasise that disaster risk reduction requires an all-of-society engagement and partnership.