[Answered] Evaluate India’s preparedness in shaping a future-ready workforce amidst rapid technological change. Discuss key challenges and suggest essential policy interventions.

Introduction:

India, with over 65% of its population below 35 years, holds immense potential to become the world’s talent powerhouse. However, rapid technological shifts driven by Industry 4.0, AI, automation, and the green economy demand a resilient, agile, and future-ready workforce. While India has initiated several reforms, its preparedness remains mixed.

India’s Preparedness:

1. Positive Trends: The QS World Future Skills Index ranks India 2nd in green and AI skills. The NEP 2020 introduces coding, multidisciplinary education, and vocational training early on. Digital learning platforms like DIKSHA, SWAYAM, and PM e-Vidya expand access.
2. Strategic Initiatives: Skill India Mission, PMKVY, and SANKALP aim to train over 40 crore youth. Industry collaboration through TCS iON, Infosys Springboard, and NEAT provide real-world exposure.

Despite these strides, gaps remain.

Key Challenges:

1. Skills Mismatch: Only 46.8% of graduates are employable (India Skills Report 2023). ‘Skills Fit’ remains low due to outdated curricula and poor industry-academia linkages.
2. Digital Divide & Inequity: Only 29% of rural India has internet access (NFHS-5), limiting e-learning reach.
3. Low Innovation Readiness:
4. India scores just 15.6/100 in innovation performance (QS Index) due to low R&D investment (0.7% of GDP).
5. Gender & Regional Disparities: Women’s participation in STEM and formal skilling programmes remains low.

Policy Interventions Needed:

1. Curriculum Reform: Embed analytical thinking, design thinking, and sustainability in education from early stages.
2. Boost R&D & Innovation: Increase R&D expenditure to at least 1.5% of GDP; promote incubation in HEIs.
3. Strengthen Industry Linkages: Promote internships, co-designed curricula, and apprenticeships under NAPS.
4. Digital Infrastructure Expansion: Invest in rural digital access and vernacular e-learning content.
5. Inclusive Skilling: Target women, rural youth, and marginalized communities through tailored skilling and gig economy integration.

Conclusion:

India’s demographic advantage must be matched by a dynamic skilling ecosystem. While foundational efforts are in place, sustained focus on innovation, inclusion, and industry alignment is crucial to build a truly future-ready workforce and realize the vision of Viksit Bharat@2047.