[Answered] Evaluate the challenges posed by radicalism in India’s neighborhood, with specific reference to recent developments in Bangladesh. How should India recalibrate its foreign policy to address these concerns? (GS Paper II – International Relations

Radicalism, particularly of the religious extremist variety, poses significant challenges to regional stability and national security in India’s neighborhood.

Challenges Posed by Radicalism in India’s Neighborhood

• Security Threats from Radical Groups: Bangladesh, traditionally a moderate Muslim-majority nation, has recently seen a resurgence of radical Islamic groups such as Jamaat-e-Islami, Ansarullah Bangla Team (ABT), and Hefazat-e-Islam. These groups have links to global terrorist organizations like Al-Qaeda and ISIS.
• Political Instability and Extremist Gains: The political instability in Bangladesh, following the 2024 military coup and the suppression of democratic forces, has created a fertile ground for extremist elements to gain influence.
• Sectarian Violence and Minorities: Radical Islamic groups in Bangladesh have increasingly resorted to sectarian violence, targeting Hindu, Christian, and other minority communities. The rise in religious hate and violence in Bangladesh could spill over into India, particularly in border states such as West Bengal and Assam, leading to increased communal tensions.
• Impact on Bilateral Relations: India has a strategic interest in maintaining strong ties with Bangladesh, especially concerning issues such as water-sharing, border security, and counterterrorism. The resurgence of radical forces threatens to undo these gains and create new points of friction.

Recalibration of India’s Foreign Policy to Address the Challenges

• Diplomatic Engagement and Support for Democracy: India should continue to engage diplomatically with Bangladesh, even under the current military-led government. However, India should prioritize the restoration of democratic governance in Bangladesh.
• Strengthening Security Cooperation: Given the growing threat of extremism, India should deepen security cooperation with Bangladesh. This could involve sharing intelligence on radical groups, enhancing border security, and assisting Bangladesh in counterterrorism efforts.
• Promoting Counter-Radicalization Initiatives: India should support counter-radicalization programs in Bangladesh, especially among the youth. These programs could be based on religious tolerance, promoting inclusive narratives, and discouraging the adoption of violent ideologies.
• Economic and Humanitarian Support: India should continue to provide economic and humanitarian support to Bangladesh, particularly in areas such as infrastructure development, healthcare, and education.
• Multilateral Diplomacy and Regional Stability: India should leverage regional and international platforms, such as the United Nations, SAARC, and BIMSTEC, to promote regional stability and counter the rise of radicalism in South Asia.
• Preventing Religious Polarization: India should avoid falling into the trap of religious polarization while addressing the issue of radicalism.

Conclusion

By engaging diplomatically, strengthening security cooperation, promoting counter-radicalization efforts, and ensuring economic stability in Bangladesh, India can help steer its eastern neighbor away from extremism. India’s policy must remain flexible and adaptable, ensuring that it protects its strategic interests while contributing to peace and stability in the region.