[Answered] Exploring India’s Potential in the Arctic Region: While not recklessly exploiting the Arctic reserves, India should also get a say in the commercial opportunity for the unseen future. Evaluate the strategic, economic, and environmental significance of the Arctic for India. What are the challenges and what should be India’s roadmap?

Introduction

The Arctic is witnessing rapid transformation due to climate change, with Arctic ice melting at four times the global rate. This opens up new opportunities and challenges in shipping, resource extraction, and geopolitical dynamics. As an Observer in the Arctic Council since 2013, India has legitimate stakes in ensuring sustainable and equitable access to the region.

Significance of the Arctic for India

1. Strategic Relevance: Control over the Arctic shapes future maritime dominance. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) offers shorter Europe–Asia connectivity, reducing transit time by 30–40%. India’s collaboration with Russia on NSR and the Chennai–Vladivostok Corridor signals strategic intent.
2. Economic Interests: The Arctic holds 13% of undiscovered oil and 30% of undiscovered gas (USGS). India’s investment in shipbuilding and ice-class vessels is geared towards potential commercial use.
3. Climate and Scientific Importance: Arctic warming affects Indian monsoons. Research via Himadri (2008) and institutions like NCPOR helps understand Arctic–Indian Ocean climate linkages. India’s Arctic Policy 2022 promotes sustainable development and environmental stewardship.

Challenges

1. Geopolitical Complexity: Navigating between Russia and Western allies, while countering China’s Polar Silk Road.
2. Climate Ethics: Avoiding unsustainable exploitation of fragile Arctic ecosystems.
3. Technological Gaps: Lack of Arctic-grade ships, trained personnel, and operational expertise.
4. Policy Fragmentation: Absence of budgetary allocation and coordinated institutional mechanism for Arctic engagement.

Way Forward

1. Strengthen Implementation of Arctic Policy 2022 with time-bound goals and inter-ministerial coordination.
2. Enhance Capacity Building through polar research partnerships and technical training.
3. Promote Sustainable Access by advocating for global Arctic governance under UNFCCC.
4. Geostrategic Balance via trilateral frameworks with Japan and South Korea to secure India’s role in Arctic geopolitics.

Conclusion

India must strike a fine balance between commercial opportunity and ecological responsibility. As the Arctic emerges as a new global frontier, India’s proactive, science-led, and ethical Arctic engagement can ensure its rightful place in shaping the region’s future.