[Answered] There is a visible transformation in India-Gulf relations over the last decade. Discuss the key factors contributing to this transformation and how it has impacted India’s diplomatic and strategic stance in the Middle East?

The inauguration of the Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan (BAPS) temple in Abu Dhabi and the release of eight Indian ex-naval personnel held on espionage charges in Doha together present a high water mark for Modi’s diplomacy and symbolize the transformation of India’s relations with the Gulf during the last 10 years.

Key factors in the transformation

• Energy Security: About 40% of India’s oil imports come from the Gulf, which continues to be a vital energy source. Recognizing their mutual need, both parties are making efforts to guarantee consistent energy supplies.
• Economic Diversification: Although gas and oil are still important, India and the Gulf are collaborating more in a variety of fields, including tourism, technology, infrastructure, and healthcare. This promotes stronger economic links and lessens reliance on individual goods.
• Strategic Alignment: Extremism, maritime security, and regional stability are issues that both India and the Gulf area face. More defense agreements and security cooperation have resulted from this confluence of interests.

Impact on India’s diplomatic and strategic stance

• Emphasis on Security: India works with Gulf nations on counterterrorism and intelligence sharing, and it actively takes part in maritime security activities.
• Economic Focus: Investment agreements and free trade agreements seek to expand bilateral trade and economic ties beyond the oil industry.
• Soft Power Projection: Bollywood’s popularity, educational programs, and cultural exchanges all help to improve India’s standing in the area.
• Balancing Act: India navigates complex regional rivalries, maintaining good relations with Iran despite growing ties with Saudi Arabia and the UAE. This “strategic autonomy” allows India to pursue its interests independently.

Challenges and opportunities:

• Geopolitical tensions: Regional conflicts and power struggles pose challenges to stability and require careful diplomacy.
• Diversification beyond oil: Successfully transitioning beyond oil dependence is crucial for sustainable economic ties. Eg, the accumulation of hydrocarbon wealth over the decades has generated the “Khaleeji capital”— in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the UAE — with growing influence around the world, from sports to real estate and banking to technology.

Conclusion

All things considered, the shift in the relationship between India and the Gulf represents a developing strategic alliance characterized by mutual understanding, security cooperation, and economic cooperation. India’s diplomatic and strategic posture in the Middle East is greatly influenced by these improved ties, which enable India to actively engage and advance its interests there.