| Introduction: Give a brief contextual introduction Body: Highlight the main challenges and measures associated with PRI in India Conclusion: Way forward |
Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) were constitutionalized under the 73rd Amendment Act of the Constitution of India in 1992. They are the statutory bodies that are elected at the village, block, and district levels.
Challenges
- Inadequate devolution of functions, funds, and functionaries: The devolution of functions, funds, and functionaries to PRIs has been inadequate, limiting their ability to effectively discharge their responsibilities.
- Capacity constraints and lack of training: Various studies have highlighted the need for capacity building and training of elected representatives and officials of PRIs to enhance their skills and knowledge for effective governance.
- Multiplicity of agencies and lack of coordination: The multiplicity of agencies involved in rural development programs and the lack of coordination among them, leads to duplication of efforts and inefficient implementation.
- Inadequate infrastructure and resources: There is a lack of basic infrastructure, such as office buildings, equipment, and human resources, hindering the effective functioning of PRIs.
Measures
- State Finance Commissions: State Finance Commissions need to be empowered to recommend sufficient transfer of resources from the state to the local bodies.
- Strengthening the Gram Sabha: The ARC proposed enhancing the authority of the Gram Sabha. It suggested that the Gram Sabha should not only oversee but also actively participate in planning economic development and social justice programs.
- Devolution of Functions, Funds, and Functionaries: ARC reports recommended increasing the devolution of power, funds, and personnel to local Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) based on the principle of subsidiarity. It advised states to transfer all responsibilities outlined in the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution to the PRIs.
- Enhance Administrative Data Quality: It is essential to improve the quality of administrative data and make it more accessible by utilizing visuals such as maps and interactive charts, which can be easily understood by citizens.
Conclusion
The government, rural communities, and civil society must remain committed to the ongoing endeavor of strengthening Panchayati Raj. The dream of Mahatma Gandhi, according to which “every village will be a republic or panchayat, having full powers,” must be realized if rural India is to see inclusive growth and social transformation.
