Introduction: Contextual Introduction Body: Highlight lessons from Emergency and influence on current practices Conclusion: Way forward |
The 1975 Emergency in India, declared by then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, is a significant event that has left a lasting impact on Indian politics. Article 352 of the Constitution provides for the proclamation of a national emergency on the grounds of internal disturbances, or threat to national security due to war or external aggression.
Contents
Lessons from the 1975 Emergency
- Importance of Independent Institutions: The Emergency exposed the vulnerability of a democracy when key institutions fail to act as checks and balances. A pliant judiciary and a Parliament dominated by the ruling party allowed the erosion of fundamental rights. Today, an independent judiciary and a vibrant opposition are vital to prevent the concentration of power.
- Vigilance Against Erosion of Civil Liberties: The Emergency demonstrated the dangers of suspending basic rights like freedom of speech and assembly. Contemporary political practices must uphold these rights, even for dissenters. A strong civil society that questions and critiques the government is essential.
- Eternal Vigilance is the Price of Liberty: The public’s initial apathy towards the Emergency highlighted the need for constant vigilance. Active participation in the democratic process, informed citizenry and a free press are crucial to identify and resist any attempts to curtail freedoms.
Influence on Current Practices
- Judicial Activism: The Emergency’s disregard for judicial review led to a more assertive judiciary in later years. Courts now play a more active role in protecting fundamental rights.
- Strengthened Media: The memory of media censorship during the Emergency has fostered a more robust and independent media landscape, playing a vital role in holding the government accountable.
- Electoral Process: The swift public backlash against the Emergency in the 1977 elections underscores the importance of free and fair elections.
- Constitutional Safeguards: The aftermath of the Emergency saw amendments to the Constitution to make it harder to impose an emergency and suspend fundamental rights.
- Strong Political Opposition: A healthy opposition keeps the ruling party in check and prevents authoritarian tendencies.
- Public Awareness: Education about the Emergency and its consequences helps citizens recognize and resist threats to democracy
Conclusion
The Emergency serves as a stark reminder of the need to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals in any society.