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Skip to content Demand of the question Introduction. What is parliamentary sovereignty? Body. Various check by constitution on parliament. Conclusion. Conclude.
Parliamentary sovereignty means supremacy of the legislative body i.e parliament over all other government institutions including executive and judicial bodies. Sovereign legislature may change or repeal any previous legislation and is not bound by any written law like constitution. In India there is no parliament sovereignty rather there is constitutional sovereignty.
Check to parliamentary sovereignty by
various provisions of constitution: Various check on parliament are:
Written Constitution: In India Constitution is written which
put limitations on all organs of the state. Although parliament can amend
constitution but it cannot supersede the written document. In UK, as there is
no written constitution, the Parliament possesses legislative sovereignty. So
any law passed by it cannot be questioned before any court on such grounds.Independent judiciary and Judicial
review: Judiciary is
independent and the guardian of the Constitution. It can declare any law or
ordinance passed by the legislature void, if any of its provisions violate one
or more of the constitutional provisions. Federal structure: Although constitution says India as
a union of states, India is a federal polity. Various federal provisions
especially some special powers for schedule area limit parliament powers where
many parliamentary laws are applicable only on presidential and governor
consent.Limited amendment power : Parliament can amend most of the
part of constitution but it cannot amend the ‘basic features of the
constitution’. Further some amendments need special majority and states’
legislature resolution.Division of powers : Schedule 7 divide law making power
between centre and state. Parliament cannot make laws on state list. Any law in
state subject would require state’s consent through majority.Limit by Presidential vetoes: A bill cannot become law without
presidential assent. President can practice various veto powers like pocket
veto that act as limitation on parliament sovereignty.Limited Doctrine of ‘Separation of
Powers’: In India
there is no strict application of doctrine of separation of powers. So if the
legislature encroaches into the functions of the other organs, judiciary can
prevent it to do so. Bar on discussion of conduct of
judges: Article 121
and 211 of Indian Constitution states that no discussion shall take place in
the Legislature of a state or in the Parliament with respect to the conduct of
any judge of the Supreme Court or of the High court in the discharge of his
duties. Thus legislature have no power to discuss judges conduct.Thus Constitution being sovereign has balanced powers of parliament through sufficient checks and balance, needed to ensure democracy. It is successful in striving a balance between legislative, executive and judicial body.
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