Author: abrar

The Supreme Court in the Berubari Union case (1960) held that the “Preamble is not a part of the Constitution.” It further said the Preamble can be used as a guiding principle if a term in any article of the Constitution is ambiguous or has more than one meaning.  Later in Kesavanand Bharti case (1973), the Supreme Court reversed its… Continue reading Preamble is a part of constitution of India

Bureaucracy refers to an administrative policy-implementation group, which is a body of non-elected government officials.   The major objective of bureaucracy in India has not been Parliamentary democracy’s expansion but rather the implementation of the decisions taken by the executive. With All India Services at the helm of major bureaucratic structure, it cannot be said that strengthening of… Continue reading Bureaucracy is an agency for the implementation of public policy

The basic structure doctrine is not defined by the Constitution. It is rather a judicial invention that came through Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala case (1973). Supreme Court said that the Constitution of India has certain basic features that cannot be altered or destroyed through the provisions of amendment, by the Parliament of India, as mentioned in the Constitution… Continue reading Basic structure not defined by Constitution of India

One common agreement between Gandhism and Marxism is the final goal of stateless and classless society, whereas means to achieve these final goals differ.  For Marx, State is an instrument of oppression and an organ of the bourgeoisie that only works for maintaining the class dominance. Therefore, he strives for class struggle and revolution which will ultimately… Continue reading Gandhism and Marxism on stateless society

A welfare state is a way of governance having social institutions provides basic socio-economic security for its citizens. The ideal of welfare state are prescribed by the Directive Principles of State Policy in the constitution of India.   The Constitution lays down certain Directive Principles of State Policy, which though not justiciable, are ‘fundamental in the governance of the country’, and it is… Continue reading Directive Principles of State Policy declares the ideal of welfare state

A parliamentary system is a democratic form of government in which generally the party or a coalition of parties with the majority representation in the elected legislature forms the government.  Option A is incorrect. Parliament has a representation of all elected members from political parties, while government represents members/party in majority.  Option B is correct. It is a system of government having the real executive power… Continue reading Parliamentary system is responsible to the Parliament