Challenges faced by challenges faced by persons with disabilities (PwDs) in India

Source: The post challenges faced by persons with disabilities (PwDs) in India has been created, based on the article “Investing in persons with disabilities” published in “The Hindu” on 26th August 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2- governance- mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections

Context: The article discusses the challenges faced by persons with disabilities (PwDs) in India, including social stigma, lack of educational and job opportunities, and poor infrastructure. It highlights the need for better inclusion policies in both education and employment to ensure dignity and equality for PwDs.

For detailed information on persons with disabilities (PwDs) in India read Article 1, Article 2

What challenges do persons with disabilities (PwDs) face in India?

1. Social Stigma and Marginalization: PwDs are often seen as objects of pity, helplessness, or ridicule, which erodes their identity and dignity. This negative portrayal contributes to societal attitudes that exclude and discriminate against PwDs.
2. Educational Challenges: Less than 1% of India’s educational institutions are disabled-friendly. Only 40% of school buildings have ramps, and approximately 17% have accessible restrooms.
3. Employment Barriers: In 2023, only 5 out of 50 Nifty 50 companies had more than 1% PwDs on their rolls, mostly in public sector companies. Despite legislative mandates, the implementation of inclusive policies is lacking.
4. The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, offers reservations in government jobs and incentives in private jobs, but implementation is weak.
5. Lack of Dignity and Representation: PwDs are often portrayed negatively, leading to a lack of dignity and identity. Instances of mockery, such as in a viral video by former cricketers, highlight ongoing societal challenges.

How do other countries and institutions support PwDs?

1. Stanford University, USA: Stanford provides robust support structures, including housing assistance and devices for PwDs. It also has a comprehensive resource center dedicated to supporting students with disabilities.
2. Brazil: Companies with over 100 employees must ensure that 2%-5% of their workforce consists of PwDs. Non-compliance results in fines based on the company size and repeated offenses.
3. Japan: Japan offers subsidies to employers who hire PwDs, encouraging their inclusion in the workforce.

What Can Be Done to Improve the Situation?

1. Shiv Nadar University in India provides a good model by offering personalized support to PwD students based on individual needs and conditions. However, such measures are not widespread.
2. The University Grants Commission has proposed guidelines for accessibility in higher education, but the actual presence of PwDs in educational settings remains low.
3. Encouraging respectful representation can help reduce societal stigma and improve dignity for PwDs.

Question for practice:

Discuss the challenges faced by persons with disabilities (PwDs) in India and the measures that can be taken to improve their situation.