Coastal Erosion in Brazil

Source: The post on Coastal Erosion in Brazil is based on the article “Brazil’s coast eroding faster than ever as Atlantic Ocean advances  published in “Indian Express” on 30th september 2024.

Why in the News?

It has been observed due to climate change, the coastal erosion is taking place in Brazil.

Reasons for Climate Change on Brazil’s Coastline

1. Rising Global Temperatures: Melting ice caps and glaciers due to global warming have led to rising sea levels, significantly affecting Brazil’s coastline.

2. Loss of Natural Barriers: Deforestation and the destruction of mangroves have reduced natural coastal defences, increasing vulnerability to erosion and flooding.

3. Poor Urban Planning: Coastal cities were built without climate change considerations, leaving them unprepared for rising seas and extreme weather events.

4. Extreme Weather: Increased storms and heavy rainfall, driven by climate change, have worsened coastal erosion and infrastructure damage.

5. River Silting: Human activities and droughts have reduced river flow, decreasing beach replenishment and increasing saltwater intrusion.

Impact of Climate Change on Brazil’s Coastline

1. Coastal Erosion: Rising seas have led to significant erosion, destroying homes and infrastructure in towns like Atafona.

2. Community Displacement: Coastal destruction is forcing people to migrate, particularly affecting fishing communities.

3. Biodiversity Loss: Saltwater intrusion in freshwater systems is killing species and disrupting ecosystems.

4. Economic Losses: Tourism and fisheries are suffering due to shrinking beaches and declining fish populations.

5. Costly Adaptation: Governments are spending heavily on temporary solutions, but long-term infrastructure and displacement costs are mounting.

6. Social Challenge: Displacement, poverty, and health risks from poor sanitation are increasing in affected areas.

UPSC Syllabus: Environment