Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon- July 12

Both the statements are correct.

Key features of DPSP:

• DPSPs are not enforceable in the court of law.
• Article 38 directs the state to secure a social order with economic, political and social justice for the promotion and welfare of the people.
• Article 39-A says that then state will try to make legal system fair and would provide free legal aid by means of some scheme or law.
• Article 44 says that the State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.
• Article 45 says that State shall endeavor to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
• Article 48A says that shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.
• Article 51 says that state shall endeavor to promote international peace and security, maintain just and honorable relations between nations, foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another; and encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

Option 3 is incorrect because only the elected members of the legislative assemblies of UT of Delhi & Pondicherry are part of Electoral College. Here is the catch!

Election Process of President:

The president is elected for a term of 5 years. He may terminate his own term by writing a resignation addressed to Vice president. He can be removed from the office ONLY by impeachment..

The president is not elected by the people directly. A president is elected by an electoral college which is made of:

• Elected members of parliament (MPs from Lok Sabha as well as Rajya Sabha).
• Elected members of State legislative members, including that if NCT of Delhi and Pondicherry

Members of legislative councils in the states where there are bicameral legislatures can NOT participate in election of President.  Further, nominated members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha don’t participate in election of President.

Option d is the correct answer.

Term and removal of Vice-President:

• The term of office of the Vice President is five years. The term may end earlier by resignation which should be addressed to the President. The term may also terminate earlier by removal.
• The Vice President can be removed by a resolution by the members of the Rajya Sabha. To move such resolution, a 14 days’ notice is to be given.  Such a resolution, though passed by the Rajya Sabha only, but must be agreeable to the Lok Sabha.
• There is no need of impeachment of Vice President for removal.

The power of Supreme Court of India to decide disputes between the Centre and the States falls under Original jurisdiction.

Supreme Court is the Highest Interpreter of the Constitution and tribunal for final settlements of the disputes between Center and States as well as States and States.

Supreme Court has original Jurisdiction in matters related any dispute between:

• Government of India and one or more states
• Government of India and State(s) on one side and State(s) in other side
• State(s) and State(s)

The original constitution had fixed sanctioned strength of the court at 8 and left the matter to parliament to increase the number of judges as needed by making a law.

Thus, the correct answer is b.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Universal Adult Franchise is guaranteed under the Indian Constitution.

Statement 2 is correct. Constitution 61st Amendment Act, 1988 was enacted to reduce the voting age from 21 years to 18 years. Article 326 was amended to give effect to reduced voting age of 18 years.  The act was also ratified by the legislatures of not less than one-half of the States by resolution.

Both the statements are incorrect.

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Preamble can be amended by Parliament using its amendment powers as per article 368. Note: Preamble has been amended only once so far through the 42ndConstitution Amendment Act 1976. The words Secular, Socialist and Integrity were added to the constitution.

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Preamble is a part of the constitution. In Berubari Case (1960), Supreme Court had held that Preamble is NOT a part of the constitution but later in Kesavanada Bharati Case (1973), the supreme Court gave an elaborate verdict which said that Preamble is a part of Constitution, and is subject to the amending power of the parliament as any other provisions of the Constitution, provided that the basic structure of the constitution is not destroyed.