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Source– This post on Donanemab is based on the article “Scientists Back new Alzheimer’s Drug” published in “The Hindu” on 12th April 2024.
Why in the News?
Donanemab which is currently in trials has shown significant potential in slowing cognitive decline in individuals with early Alzheimer’s.
About Donanemab
1. Donanemab is a monoclonal antibody that attacks amyloid, which is a sticky protein that accumulates in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease.
2. It proved more effective in individuals with low to moderate tau levels at the trial’s onset, compared to those with high tau levels.
Note: Tau (t-tau) protein reflect the intensity of the neuronal damage in neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
Breakthrough in Slowing Cognitive Decline
i) Phase III Trial Results: Donanemab slowed cognitive decline by 35% compared to a placebo in a phase III trial.
iii) Significance: This represents a significant milestone in Alzheimer’s research, being the second drug within a year to show effectiveness in slowing cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
iii) Limitations: Donanemab and similar drugs do not stop or reverse Alzheimer’s disease but can significantly improve the quality of life by slowing cognitive decline for affected individuals and their families.
iv) Urgent Need: With an estimated 14 million dementia cases, including Alzheimer’s, expected in India by 2050, effective treatments are urgently needed.
About Alzheimer’s Disease
1. Nature of the Disease: Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive and irreversible neurological disorder.
2. Protein Toxicity: Beta-amyloid is a protein vital for brain function. It becomes toxic in Alzheimer’s patients, forming clumps that disrupt brain cell connections, leading to cognitive issues such as memory loss.
3. Neuronal Damage: These protein deposits interfere with neuron communication, causing deterioration and death of brain cells.
4. Early Symptoms: Initial signs include forgetfulness, difficulty finding words, problem-solving challenges, confusion, and disorientation.
5. Causes: The exact cause is not fully understood but involves genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
6. Risk Factors: Family history, genetic mutations, head injuries, cardiovascular disease, and certain lifestyle factors increase the risk.
UPSC Syllabus: Science and technology
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