Ethanol and methanol production

Source– This post on Ethanol and methanol production  has been created based on the article ” How is Methanol procured and used as a liqour” published in “The Hindu” on 24 June 2024.

Why in the news?

The Kallakurichi illicit liquor tragedy has claimed over 50 lives. Similar tragedies happen across India, often due to methanol consumption.

About the Cause of the Tragedy:

1. It is possible that methanol wasn’t removed during the crude distillation process by the bootleggers. The large-scale tragedy suggests methanol was likely procured and added separately to the illicit liquor.

2. Reason for Methanol Use: There is a belief that methanol, if diluted can provide intoxication at a lower cost.

About Ethanol and methanol production:

1. Ethanol/ anhydrous ethyl alcohol having chemical formula of C2H5OH, can be produced from crops like sugarcane, maize, wheat, etc which have high starch content.

2. Production: It is made through a biological process. Molasses, a by-product of making sugar, are used to start the production process.

3. The molasses are used to produce rectified spirit, which is further distilled to make extra neutral alcohol. This alcohol is then used to make Indian Made Foreign Liquor.

4. In responsible distilleries, methanol is also produced but carefully removed because the processes are highly controlled.

Methanol:

1. Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, is an alternative fuel for internal combustion and other engines, where it is often used in combination with gasoline.

2. The chemical is generally derived from fossil or natural gas. It can also be made through synthesis of carbon-dioxide and hydrogen.

3. Methanol is poisonous, and even small amounts can be very dangerous and potentially fatal.

3. Despite its toxicity, methanol is essential for producing many useful products. For example- Paints cannot be made without methanol.

Preventive Measures:

i) Strong central legislation is needed to work with state laws to control the methanol supply chain.

ii)  Effective implementation of laws is crucial, especially with plans to increase ethanol and methanol production as eco-friendly fuel alternatives.

iii) Keeping methanol and ethanol separate and preventing pilferage should be prioritized.

UPSC Syllabus: Science and technology