Fort Emmanuel

Source– This post is based on the article “Fort’ in Fort Kochi cries for conservation” published in “The Hindu” on 15th April 2024.

Why in the News?

Historians are exploring measures to preserve the laterite-brick remains of Fort Emmanuel, which the Portuguese constructed along the beachfront in 1503.

About Fort Emmanuel

1. Fort Emmanuel was built in 1503 by the Portuguese. It is one of the earliest European forts built in India.

2. It is a ruined fort located at Fort Kochi Beach in Kochi, Kerala.

3. Fort Emmanuel was a large structure that enclosed an entire township, strengthening Portuguese control in the area.

4. It remained under Portuguese rule until 1683 when it was captured by Dutch colonial forces, who destroyed Portuguese institutions.

5. The Dutch held the fort until 1795, when the British took over and by 1806, had demolished most of its walls and bastions.

6. It was a symbol of the strategic alliance between the Maharajah of Kochi and the Monarch of Portugal, after whom it was named.

7. Foreign control of Fort Kochi ceased in 1947 when India gained independence.

Portuguese strategy of building forts in coastal colonies

1. The Portuguese strategy of building forts in coastal colonies such as Fort Kochi, Goa, Kollam, Kozhikode, and Kodungalloor which were crucial for their defense.

2. These forts not only secured their colonies but also supported their naval capabilities.

3. This fortification was essential for protecting the lucrative trade in spices such as pepper, which the Portuguese exported from Kerala back to Europe.

UPSC Syllabus: History and Art & Culture