India’s Ageing Population and Elder Care Challenges

Source: The post India’s Ageing Population and Elder Care Challenges has been created, based on the article “Senior security: India needs an affordable elder care ecosystem” published in “Business Standard” on 26th December 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 1– Society- Social issues

Context: The article highlights India’s ageing population, rising elder care needs, and socio-economic challenges. It discusses the growing “silver economy” for affluent elders but emphasizes struggles faced by poorer seniors. Despite policies, poor implementation hampers effective elder care solutions.

For detailed information on Care for elderly population in India read this article here

What is the current status of India’s elderly population?

1. India has 153 million elderly people (aged 60 and above) in 2024.
2. This number is expected to grow to 347 million by 2050.
3. The elderly will form 15-20% of the total population as fertility rates fall below replacement levels.

What challenges do India’s elderly face?

1. Financial Struggles: 40% of the elderly belong to the lowest wealth quintile, and 20% have no income.
2. Healthcare Issues: Many suffer from diseases like heart problems, kidney ailments, dementia, and Alzheimer’s.
3. Social Pressures: Urbanization and nuclear families reduce family support, leading to abandonment of sick or disabled elderly.
4. Inadequate Access to Elder Care: Existing schemes like the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly are poorly implemented.
5. Economic Divide: Private sector solutions target wealthy seniors, excluding the majority.

What policies and laws exist for elder care in India?

1. National Policy on Older Persons (1999): India was ahead of global efforts in addressing elderly care.
2. Maintenance and Welfare of Senior Citizens Act (2007): Children are legally required to provide financial support to parents. The law includes fast-track mechanisms and provisions for old-age homes.
3. National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (2010): Focuses on dedicated healthcare services for the elderly.
4. Ayushman Bharat Health Scheme: Extended health insurance to all senior citizens above 70 years, regardless of income.

What steps are needed for the future?

1. Develop a robust elder care system that is affordable and accessible.
2. Address financial security, healthcare, and social support for all elderly, especially the poor.
3. Ensure effective implementation of existing schemes and laws.

Question for practice:

Discuss the challenges faced by India’s elderly population and the measures needed to address them.