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News: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has asked archaeologist Amarnath Ramakrishna, who unearthed an ancient civilisation in Keezhadi near Madurai, to resubmit his report about the excavation after making necessary corrections for taking further action. Keezhadi Excavations
About Keezhadi Excavations
- Location: This site is located near the town of Keezhadi in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu, about 12 km southeast of Madurai, closer to the erstwhile capital of Pandya kingdom.
- It lies on the bank of the Vaigai River and it reflects the ancient culture of Tamil Nadu.
- Excavations and Findings: The excavation took place in 2013-14 at Pallichanthai Thidal of Keezhadi site.
- Almost 48 square pits have been cut and various structures and artifacts have been found, including frosts, brick walls, roof tiles, pottery, mimic accessories, skeletal tools, iron Vel, and Tamil-Brahmi letter-etched plates.
- Carbon dating of charcoal, through Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), found at the Keezhadi site in 2017 established that the settlement there belonged to 200 BC.
- The excavations thus proved that urban civilisation had existed in Tamil Nadu since the Sangam age.
About Sangam Age
- The Sangam Age constitutes an important chapter in the history of South India.
- The term ‘Sangam’ is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Sangha’, meaning an assembly or association, and refers to Tamil literary academies under the Pandya kings.
- According to Tamil legends, there existed three Sangams (Academy of Tamil poets) in ancient Tamil Nadu popularly called Muchchangam.
- Sangam literature provides vital insights into ancient Tamil society, covering aspects like governance, economy, trade, war, social life, and agriculture.
- Sangam literature
- Tolkappiyam authored by Tolkappiyar
- The Ettutogai or Eight Anthologies consist of eight works
- The Pattuppattu or Ten Idylls consist of ten works
- Silappathigaram written by Elango Adigal
- Manimegalai by Sittalai Sattanar
- Tirukkural authored by Thiruvalluvar
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