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Mains Marathon – UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions – July 6
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Post-Mains Strategy Session by Mr. Ayush Sinha | ForumIAS
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Indian scenario of jobs is different in many aspects. Jobs in India need to be looked at from a broad perspective. More than one third of Indian population is in unorganised sector. Two third of Indians earn less than 10000 per month.
Every year 10 million youth enters in Indian job market. The job growth in India has declined not only in recent years, but for last few years. The contribution of GDP in job creation from 3 percent in 2007 to 1.5 percent recently is alarming. Government needs to create new jobs as to reap its demographic dividend and not make it a liability which will put pressure on government expenditure towards welfare programs.
Reasons for slow pace of job growth.
The domestic and global conditions for new jobs for Indians are declining due reasons like low manufacturing activity amid slowdown in domestic and international markets.
Under utilization of capital by firms due to issues like stressed assets have slowed job growth.
Lack of structural reforms in labour laws has hampered investment and labour participation.
International reasons like protectionist policies of USA will have short term impact on service sector jobs.
Competition of countries like Vietnam, Bangladesh in European markets for garment industries which are already facing hurdles.
Steps taken by government.
Realising this big task government has launched various schemes like Make In India, Skill development programs in collaboration with industries.
Vocational skill programs in ITIs will help creating more jobs in sectors where there were no jobs earlier.
Structural reforms in factories acts, labour laws, insolvency laws will help firms for better investment decisions and address exit entry problems.
Entrepreneurial development will also boost job creation.
Why should creating more jobs be a priority for the government? Discuss some reasons for the slow pace of job creation in India. (GS 3)
creating more jobs is a utmost priority for the govt. because of the following reasons:-
(i) every year increasing no. of fresh labour force entering into the labour market which needs to be feeded by employement . about 1 million of fresh graduates enter into the job market apart from existing unemployed job aspirants
(ii) job creation is an important stabilising factor in preventing social unrest. eg- J&K financial packages after violent protests
(iii) reduces poverty, inequality in society, crime rate
(iv) contribution in economic growth
(v) helps in SDG’s attainment
(vi) financial inclusion
although govt started various schemes to proper job creation, it has been successful in job creation but it pace has been rather slow due to:-
(i) rigidity in labour laws – complexity in labour laws prevented companies hiring more labour.current regime incentivise companies in pruning labour as expansion of labour will have to met with labour laws and regulations which increases cost on it
(ii) lack of employable skills has been one of the greater impediment in job growth. govt. initiatives like skill india campaign are looking forward to correct this anamoly
(iii) large segments of our economy is informal.informalisation of the economy hinders job creation.
(iv) Bureautic complainces and administrative procedures