Mobilization of Human Resources

Mobilization of human resources refers to the process of utilizing the country’s workforce effectively and efficiently to boost economic growth and development.

Human resources of a nation refer to the collective capabilities, skills, and knowledge possessed by the people who live in that nation.

• People who are employed in an organized sector and contributing to the direct taxes
• People who are employed in unorganized sector also indirectly contribute to the economy through indirect taxes. As per a report of SBI , unorganized sector contribute for 15-20% of GDP.
• People who are involved in public service for the smooth functioning of Government.
• Students who are getting educated form the future of Human Resources that the country would require.

Mobilization of Human Resources: India’s Status

India become most populated country in world in 2023 by surpassing China.

Another notable feature of Indian population is its Demographic Dividend. It refers to people in the age group of 15-59 years.

More than 63% of Indian population lies within this age group and hence India has a tremendous potential for providing education and creating additional employment and thus improve its economic growth.

Mobilization of Human Resources:Need

Economic Growth: A skilled and educated workforce can contribute in innovation, increase competitiveness, and attract foreign investment. Government has launched various scheme like Beti Bachao,Beti Padao; Ayushman Bharat, E-Shraam.

Demographic Dividend: India is the most populous country in the world. More than 60% of its population belong to the age of 16-60, which presents a demographic dividend. By mobilizing this demographic dividend, India can leverage this demographic dividend to achieve sustained economic growth.

Human Development: By providing education, healthcare, and social services, India can improve the quality of life of its citizens and achieve its social objectives.

Innovation and Technology: India has a vast pool of skilled professionals who can contribute to the development of new technologies and innovations and create a positive image world wide. Example, India rank 40th out of 132 nation in Global innovation index in 2023.

Entrepreneurship: Mobilizing human resources can promote entrepreneurship, which can lead to job creation and economic growth. By providing the necessary support and resources by the government, an individual can be encouraged to start their own businesses and contribute to the economy.

Diversity and Inclusion: India is a country of diversity. A diverse workforce can bring a variety of perspectives, skills, and experiences, which can lead to innovation and increased productivity.

Mobilization of Human Resources: Challenges

Education and Skill Development: Many individuals may not have access to quality education or training programs. This leads to a skills mismatch, where individuals may not have the skills that are required by employers.

Employment Generation: Despite of various employment initiatives by the government, there is still shortage of jobs in certain sectors, which ultimately results into unemployment and underemployment.

Digital Divide: Digitalization helps in mobilization of human resources, but still there is a digital divide, particularly in rural areas, where individuals may not have access or unaware of the necessary technology or digital skills.

Gender Inequality: Gender inequality is a significant barrier to the mobilization of human resources. Women faces discrimination and have limited access to education, training, and employment opportunities.

Brain Drain: Brain drain is a significant challenge in the mobilization of human resources. Because talented or skilled people leave country and move to another country for better employment opportunities

Lack of Infrastructure: The lack of infrastructure and facilities, particularly in rural areas, can limit access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities, making it difficult to mobilize human resources effectively.

For example, required number of AYUSH professionals at community health centres across Andhra Pradesh is 140 but there is only 9 doctors sanctioned there. (Rural Health Statistics)

Mobilization of Human Resources: Government Initiatives

Education

1. National Education policy 2020: Education Policy lays particular emphasis on the development of the creative potential of each individual. It is based on the principle that education must develop not only cognitive capacities – both the ‘foundational capacities ’of literacy and numeracy and ‘higher-order’ cognitive capacities, such as critical thinking and problem solving; but also social, ethical, and emotional capacities and dispositions.
2. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Launched in 2001, SSA is a flagship program aimed at providing free and compulsory elementary education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.
3. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA): Launched in 2009, RMSA is a program aimed at improving the quality of secondary education in India.
4. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): AIM launched in 2016, AIM is a program aimed at promoting innovation and entrepreneurship among school children and college students.

Health:

1. National Health Policy (NHP) 2017: It aims to address the shortage of healthcare professionals in the country and increase the number of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers. It also focuses on improving the quality of healthcare services and promoting digital health.
2. National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): Launched in 2005, It aims to improve  health infrastructure in rural areas and promoting the recruitment of health workers in these areas. The program provides financial incentives to doctors and nurses who work in rural areas.
3. National Urban Health Mission (NUHM): Launched in 2013, NUHM is a program aimed at improving the healthcare infrastructure in urban areas and promoting the recruitment of health workers in these areas.
4. Ayushman Bharat Yojana: Launched in 2018, Ayushman Bharat Yojana aims to provide free healthcare to vulnerable sections of the population. It has  two components – the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) and the Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs). The program aims to provide universal healthcare coverage to 500 million people by 2022.

Employment

1. Skill India Mission: Launched in 2015, the Skill India Mission aims to provide skill development training to the youth of the country and enhance their employability. The program offers training in various sectors, including agriculture, healthcare, construction, and hospitality.
2. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): Launched in 2015, It is a skill development initiative aimed at providing training to youth and improving their employability. The program offers short-term training courses to candidates and provides financial assistance to trainees to set up their our business or job .
3. National Career Service (NCS): Launched in 2015,it is a digital platform that provides career-related services to job seekers, employers, and training providers. The platform offers job matching, career counseling, and vocational guidance services.
4. National Skill Development Mission: Launched in 2015, the mission aims to provide vocational training and skills development to over 400 million people in India by 2022.
5. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): Launched in 2005, MGNREGA is a rural employment guarantee programme. It provides at least 100 days of wage employment to rural households in a financial year.
6. National Skill Development Mission: Launched in 2015, the mission aims to provide vocational training and skills development to over 400 million people in India by 2022.