Nagoya Protocol

News: India submitted its First National Report on Nagoya Protocol implementation to CBD Secretariat on 27 February 2026, covering progress from 2017–2025.

About Nagoya Protocol

• The Nagoya Protocol is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity for access and benefit sharing (ABS).
• Adoption: It was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan.
• In force: It entered into force on 12 October 2014.
• Goal: It aims to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources.
• It covers
  • Genetic resources: It applies to genetic resources covered under the Convention on Biological Diversity.
  • Traditional knowledge: It includes traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources.
  • Benefits from utilization: It covers benefits arising from research and commercial use of these resources.
• Key Principles
  • Access : It requires Prior Informed Consent from the provider before accessing biological resources.
  • Benefit Sharing : Benefits must be shared fairly based on Mutually Agreed Terms.
  • Compliance: It ensures that resources are used according to agreed conditions.
• India’s Status: India ratified the Nagoya Protocol in 2012.
• Implementation in India
  • India implements it through the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
  • It follows a three-tier structure: National Biodiversity Authority, State Biodiversity Boards/UT Biodiversity Councils, and Biodiversity Management Committees.

About Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

• Nature: It is the most comprehensive binding international agreement in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
• Adoption: It was opened for signing at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
• Objectives: It focuses on conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.