Nobel Prize in Physics 2024

Source: This post on Nobel Prize in Medicine 2024 has been created based on the article “ Nobel Prize in Medicine 2024: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun win for discovery of microRNA” published in Indian Express on 8^th October 2024.

Why in news?

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton have been awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for their foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks.

About Nobel Prize in Physics 2024

1. John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton were awarded the prize for their foundational contributions to artificial neural networks and machine learning.

2. John Hopfield  developed the Hopfield Network, a recurrent neural network based on Hebbian learning principles.

3. Hopfield’s work drew inspiration from physics, likening neural networks to magnetic atom interactions, facilitating tasks like pattern completion and image denoising. His 1982 research linked neural networks to statistical physics, bridging biological concepts with computational techniques.

4. Geoffrey Hinton advanced the Boltzmann Machine, contributing to the development of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs). Hinton’s work on RBMs enabled the progression of deep learning in artificial neural networks, leading to breakthroughs across various fields.

4. The duo’s contributions have influenced machine learning’s integration into everyday applications, such as AI chatbots like ChatGPT.

UPSC Syllabus: Miscellaneous